tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11836398813503018872024-02-08T12:10:56.771-08:00USBlogUSBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.comBlogger220125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-29407775713516201822016-12-27T04:50:00.002-08:002016-12-27T04:50:49.971-08:002016: A Great Year in American Politics; 2017 will be even better
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For many, 2016 has seen a turn for the worse in
American politics mainly due to the election victory of Republican Donald
Trump. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But here’s some feel-good news on which to end the
year, an alternative interpretation of the events and processes in 2016, providing
hope and encouragement for better things to come. To be sure, the world has
changed, turned some kind of corner, and placed us in dimly-charted territory. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But some things are clearer:</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Wall Street lost the presidential election;
conservative ideology lost out to massive demands for bigger government for the
people and heavier taxation of the corporate class and the very rich; the American
establishment, it’s billionaire class, was, and is, on the ropes; its principal
candidate, Hillary Clinton, found guilty by the American electorate of standing
for the status quo among other ‘crimes and misdemeanours’; and a self-declared
socialist won over 13 million votes in the primaries and is building a
progressive campaign to change America by inaugurating a new post-partisan
politics. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Millions voted for candidates who demanded America
step back from its global policeman role and reduce its military footprint. Its
post-1945 global military and other alliances were challenged and questioned
and its Middle eastern wars denounced, especially the illegal invasion and
occupation of Iraq. America’s ineffectiveness and role in fighting so-called
Islamic State was brought into public debate. The very grounds of the Pax
Americana were interrogated for the first time by one of the main contenders
for the presidency.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Protests over the election of Donald Trump criss-crossed
the nation, and funds began flowing in their millions to campaigns against
intolerance, hate crimes and xenophobia. The politics of progressivism has
taken a huge leap forward. It looks like it’s going to continue to do so. At
the local level, where ordinary Americans actually live, millions voted to
raise the minimum wage in many states. US politics has been changed for the
better in 2016 and 2017 is likely to be even better.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In Britain, leftist leader Jeremy Corbyn was returned
to lead the Labour party by an even larger margin than in September 2015,
damaging the campaign of Blairites and their ilk to return the party to the
failed policies of austerity, mimicking the Tories draconian attacks on working
and middle class people. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The long-awaited Chilcot Report into the Iraq War
provided a damning indictment of the leadership of Tony Blair and the doctoring
of intelligence to support a prior commitment to wage illegal aggression on
Saddam Hussein’s regime and the ordinary people of Iraq, killing hundreds of
thousands in the process, displacing millions, and opening up a fertile space
for the rise of Islamic State. “Never again” was the principal message from
that report, echoed across Britain, Europe and the USA. No more neo-colonial
wars was the rallying call of groups like Stop The War and the families of
soldiers killed in illegal conflict.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In Austria, the Green candidate Alexander Van der
Bellen defeated the hard right’s Norbert Hofer decisively and helped stem the
tide on the populist right movement across Europe. In Germany, millions
supported taking in a million refugees fleeing oppression, hunger and war in
Africa and the Middle east.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The nuclear
agreement with Iran remains intact and avoided a (nother) major war in the
region, and ISIS suffered major setbacks and defeats in its bid for a so-called
caliphate in Iraq and Syria.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In Italy, millions voted against the centralisation of
power and a further erosion of popular sovereignty. The left remains strong in
Spain and in Greece.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">All over the world, ordinary people’s voices are being
heard and making a difference. New forms of campaigning are taking off using
digital platforms and social media designed by corporations that collaborate
with powerful states to curb freedoms. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Julian Assange’s Wikileaks goes from strength to
strength, exposing the corruptions of the corporate class and its political
allies; Edward Snowden remains in exile, but free to critique the surveillance
powers of the American state. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Senator Bernie Sanders has not stopped campaigning,
nor have his millions of supporters. His various organisations are fighting to
change American politics and wrest it back from the clutches of big
corporations. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Brand New Congress will stand over 400 candidates for
congress in 2018 mid-terms; candidates will be drawn from outside the established
political class and from any movement that rejects the established order,
whether they be from the Tea party or Occupy Wall Street. They just need to be
people who have serve the community well and place the collective interest
above their individual interests. BNC is well on its way to selecting
candidates for election and is raising large amounts from numerous small
donations from ordinary people – just as Sanders crowd-sourced his own election
campaign.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Sanders Institute has begun ideological work to
initiate study, analysis and discussion of the roots of inequality and what
might be done about it.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Our Revolution – Sanders’ campaign at local level
America – wants to bring ordinary people into local government and school
boards and so on to change politics from the grass roots.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This is what 2016 stands for and should be remembered
for: the exposure of the fundamental contours of a capitalist democracy that
relies on state-welfare for big corporations and corrodes democracy from within
and without. For all their money, the still lost the election.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And that’s why elite candidates have to pretend to a
politics of anti-elitism to get anywhere, why Trump could only win because he,
rhetorically, socked it to the establishment. And it explains why Sanders got
as many votes in the primaries as did Trump and why his new post-partisan
politics threatens to challenge the corporate culture and colonisation of
American government.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The American people showed they would not stand for
more elite politics and narrow economic agendas of the hard Right. A great foundation
upon which the politics of the next decade is to be built. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">One
could quote some inspiring liberals at this point but a socialist who saw through
the subterfuge and rhetoric of elite demagoguery is more appropriate: Eugene
Debs, who despite all the odds fought against imperial war and for socialism a
century ago. His analysis of the two main American political parties is as true
today, and thoroughly exposed as such in the 2016 elections, as it was a
century ago:</span><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">“The Republican and Democratic
parties are alike capitalist parties — differing only in being committed to
different sets of capitalist interests</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> — they have the same principles under varying colors, are equally corrupt
and are one in their subservience to capital and their hostility to labor.”</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">And he condemned the
poverty of the many and wealth of the few: in a land of great resources, he
argues, and willing workers, want was the result not of God or nature</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
“</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">but it is due entirely to the
outgrown social system in which we live that ought to be abolished not only in
the interest of the toiling masses but in the higher interest of all humanity”.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">2016 showed that the
majority of Americans have had enough of capitalist elites who care not a jot
for the interests of Americans let alone for the very planet itself. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">As Bernie Sanders
declared: “<span style="color: #333333;">Let us wage a moral and political war
against the billionaires and corporate leaders, on Wall Street and elsewhere,
whose policies and greed are destroying the middle class of America.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Thank you, 2016!</span></div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-35288683461876382922016-12-05T05:25:00.002-08:002016-12-05T05:25:46.462-08:00Trump's Taiwan Call Signals Full Embrace of GOP Establishmenthttp://thewire.in/84531/trumps-taiwan-call-signals-the-gops-resurgence/<br />
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<br />USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-24136425496666710782016-11-10T04:37:00.000-08:002016-11-10T04:37:22.586-08:00Trump Victory Shock But Not Surprise, Brexit All Over Again<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Trump Victory Shock
But Not Surprise, Brexit All Over Again</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Republican contender Donald Trump has been elected 45<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup>
President of the United States – against the odds, and expert pollsters’
predictions – in what seems to many to be another ‘Brexit’ moment in this most
tumultuous of years. With almost all votes counted, Trump won by 74 electoral
college votes but received 200,000 votes fewer than Hillary Clinton. </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">There are over 220 million eligible voters in the United
States.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">About 25% of eligible American voters have thus chosen the
leader of the United States, the most powerful political office-holder in the
world. </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Republicans have held onto the US Senate and the House
of Representatives. A system famously wedded to divided government now has a
clean sweep at major reversal of President Obama’s Affordable Care Act, to cut
social security, slash taxes for the rich, abolish corporate regulation,
institute immigration reform, among other things. Don’t even mention climate
change.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Stock markets around the world reacted negatively to the
news due to Donald Trump’s unpredictability and divisive rhetoric but will
likely recover before long as the victor does not take office until January
2017. But they have a way of taking care of themselves.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the short term, if the analogy to Brexit is viable, hate
crime against minorities and immigrants is likely to increase, as indeed it did
after candidate Trump began branding Mexican immigrants as rapists and
murderers early in his campaign. We should expect more street protests.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">What does Trump’s victory signify? It signifies nothing less
than a rejection of the politics of the past, of politics itself, and of the
leadership of the Republican party, and the political and moral bankruptcy of
the Hilary Clinton-led Democratic party. </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Trump has changed the face of US politics. He has never held
elected public office. He has used language that has never been used by a main
party candidate. He has legitimised the reduction of women into sex objects and
of minorities as suspect and second-class. He has shown that racist appeals to
white identity combined with promises of industrial jobs aplenty can still win
election to America’s highest office. He has shown that Wall St money alone
cannot buy an election.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Yet he was fortunate with his opponent, Hillary Clinton –
mired in Wall St donations, the epitome of the establishment politician when it
was anti-elitism that was the order of the day. That fact stared her campaign
in the face – literally, in the form of Bernie Sanders – but went unheeded. </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It was clear from the moment that Clinton selected Tim Kaine
as vice presidential running mate that the triumph of Wall St in the Democratic
campaign was complete. They had, through numerous machinations, seen off
Sanders and prepared Hillary for her long-hoped for coronation. Unlike Donald
Trump, Hillary Clinton was not an outsider but the ultimate insider. She proved
too cautious, too conservative, too timid to embrace what was an historic
opportunity. </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">What was meant to be a coronation turned into a civil war,
one that Trump was better suited to waging.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">She promised more of the same to a nation that, after 8
years of Obama’s presidency, was more unequal and seething with discontent on
Left and Right. The last thing they wanted was someone attached to the
centre-ground. And, on top of that, who had already helped herself, and her
family, to vast amounts of corporate funds – over $3 billion over 4 decades of
‘public’ service.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">And outsourcing the State Department’s emails to herself,
along with the role of the FBI in keeping the issue alive right up until
polling day itself, proved the final nail in her political ambition, the
Clinton house of cards.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Trump and Sanders each won 13 million votes in the primaries
– 26 million in total – to Clinton’s 16 million, and that’s without accounting
for Sanders’s victories in caucus states. The anti-establishment tsunami passed
Clinton and her centrist strategists by, consigning them to the dustbin of
history.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Donald Trump was lucky with his opponent. Had Bernie Sanders
been the Democratic candidate, we might have seen a real challenge to Trump’s
racist, misogynistic, right-wing campaign. Indeed, in that contest we might
have seen the emergence of synergies that seem to have made nonsense out of the
Left/Right divide. Perhaps Bernie Sanders Brand New Congress, Our Revolution,
and Sanders Institute, will show their mettle in the political struggles to
come.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">What will Trump do? At home, he has a conservative congress
and senate. As he has rowed back on his promise to raise taxes on the rich and
big corporations, Republican lawmakers will embrace him like one of their own. As
Trump has relied heavily on the Heritage Foundation for his tax policy,
attitude to welfare and ‘entitlements’ like social security, we should expect a
major attack from the Republican Right. </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This would be contrary to promises made and implied on the
campaign trail and likely to alienate his political base among workers. But
many of them – inspired by Trump’s giving them their country back – might not
care, at least in the short run. The psychological wage of white male power has
often proved seductive in a racial order based on divide and rule.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Trump will appoint a Supreme Court justice opposed to the
landmark Roe vs Wade decision of 1973 which made abortion legal. This would set
back women’s rights and is likely to generate massive resistance.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Heritage Foundation has not only produced its Blueprint
for Reform to which the Trump camp appears closely attached, but also seen its
former president, Ed Feulner, appointed several months ago to chair of the
Trump Transition Team – the group developing policy options and possible
appointees to cabinet and other governmental positions.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">America is in for 4 years of the most right-wing
conservative government since Ronald Reagan; it may leave Reagan in the shade.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Overseas, Donald Trump questioned the whole edifice of the
US-led world order since 1945, especially its military alliances and agreements
– NATO, the treaties with Japan and South Korea, intervention in Syria, the war
on Iraq, the rising confrontation with Russia in the Baltic States and eastern
Europe. He has indicated rejection of the Iran nuclear agreement.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He has promised to wipe out ISIS, re-introduce
water-boarding and torture as policy against terror suspects, and to bomb and
kill their wives and children. His election will strengthen the belief in some
circles that the United States is at war with Islam. </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Yet, again, Trump appears to have drawn his military policy
from the Heritage Foundation. And the Republican party platform adopted at the
Convention notes the indispensability of American power, the necessity of “vast
superiority” of military power over rivals, of maintaining America’s alliances
and treaties, of checking Russian “expansionism”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This is contrary to the rhetoric of the Trump campaign and
may well be a source of tension with fellow Republicans in the House and
Senate. It will test Trump’s deal-making skills. </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It is to be hoped that the growing confrontation between
NATO forces and Russia might be defused by Trump’s personal negotiation with
Putin. It is, after all, NATO that has expanded its operations all the way to
the Russian border. </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It would also be welcome to many on the Left and in general
across America should the United States draw back from and reduce its military
commitments around the world. But Trump would have to fight fellow Republicans
to achieve that.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">America has chosen its mercurial man of destiny to lead it
for the next 4 years. His policies at home will re-ignite mass opposition that
might regenerate the moribund politics of the Democratic party.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The rest of the world must learn to manage President Donald
Trump, whichever one finally shows up.</span></div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-84025196735708599722016-11-06T14:48:00.001-08:002016-11-06T14:48:58.555-08:00Trump people: The GOP and the politics of white identity, class and gender
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<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Trump people: The GOP
and the politics of white identity, class and gender</span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Professor Inderjeet
Parmar</span></i></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Why are so many white women supporting Donald Trump’s bid
for the presidency against Hillary Clinton, the first female major party
candidate for the White House? On top of everything Trump has said about
particular women or women in general, he also repudiated Roe vs Wade, the 1973
Supreme Court decision that enabled women’s right to abortion, a right that the
GOP has chipped away at for decades. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Why are so many white workers supporting a billionaire
elitist who exploits his own workers? Trump uses illegal immigrants in his various
companies, undercuts wages and uses Chinese steel to build his hotels, despite
his complaints about China dumping goods in the United States. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Why are so many relatively affluent Americans backing Trump?</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The big answer, according to new research by Gallup
economist Jonathan Rothwell, is a lethal mixture of financial anxiety, fear and
hopelessness for the future – of immigrants, globalisation, job insecurity,
poor health – and the politics of white identity. They yearn for a mythical
golden age of 50 years ago. White Americans, especially men, are intending to
vote for Trump not because they believe he is going to solve their problems but
because, they believe, he will reverse the privileged treatment bestowed upon
those who have destroyed white supremacy: the outsider, the foreigner, the
immigrant, the asylum seeker, the terrorist, the African-American enemy within
– and even highly successful white women who challenge white male supremacy. In
2008 and 2012, the outsider had a black face<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>– Barack Obama; now the outsider with a woman’s body is on the verge of
electoral victory. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Women supporting Trump tend to be those who occupy the
weakest position in the labour market, leading them to see themselves in
traditional gender roles as nurturers and carers. The corollary of this is that
they see their men as responsible for protecting them, and professionally
successful women as competitors for those men’s jobs.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">According to women’s historian Stephanie Coontz, the highest
proportion of women in America who are stay-at-home mums reside in the bottom
25 per cent income bracket. Their households need two incomes but the woman
going out to work finds only low-paying jobs which do not cover child care
costs. They are locked into a position of a subordinate in a male-dominated
household, resentful of two-income families and strong, successful women.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Combine all this with anxieties about the looming spectre of
an America dominated by non-whites – by 2050, the US will be a
majority-minority nation – for many, their country is facing an existential
crisis. Fears about globalisation, free trade, immigration are real enough as
sources of economic insecurity. But combined with white hyper-ethno-nationalist
identity politics, those fears become a major threat to American society as a
whole, and its global authority – it’s identity as a land of immigrants, of
opportunity based on merit not race or colour, its democratic and egalitarian
ethos and image – its attractiveness to the world as an advanced society, its
soft power. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Donald Trump has fused economic worries, racial and gender
resentment into a politics of fear and revenge, a politics fuelled by a desire
to “take our country back” from enemies domestic and foreign, and from the
elites who gave America away – to Mexicans, Muslims, minorities. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">But Trump hardly invented the politics of white identity –
the GOP has framed issues of gender and race in such terms for decades. In the
1960s and 1970s, during the rights revolution, Republicans – along with their
Dixiecrat allies – contended that unpatriotic blacks, students, pacifists,
uppity women were destroying the fabric of America – family, religion, nation,
hope. When right-wing Republican Barry Goldwater won five southern states in
the 1964 presidential election by opposing civil rights and de-segregation, he
blazed a trail followed by successive GOP presidents. It is said that Goldwater
lost the election but won the future. And the lesson of 1964 led to the racist
‘southern strategy’ of Richard Nixon and to Ronald Reagan’s coded racism,
apparent in his call for the restoration of ‘state’s rights’ – the slogan of
southern slavery and segregation – in Philadelphia, Mississippi, in 1980.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This call attracted non-conservative working class white
voters to the party of low taxes and small government. It gave them a
psychological wage only: economically they lost ground due to deindustrialisation
and globalisation, and cuts to welfare programmes – as did, to an even greater
extent, African-American workers. The GOP’s coded racism divided black and
white workers and offered only hyper-anxiety about others taking what whites
were supposed to have by prior right. From that politics of fear and resentment,
the Republican Party developed a discourse that has damaged the basic tenets of
democratic Americanism. It has been racist, xenophobic and misogynistic. And it
has now sprouted a movement with the hallmarks of a “last stand” against a changing
America, one that would declare an election stolen before a vote’s been cast
and demand their opponent be jailed as a common criminal.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Donald Trump’s rhetoric is not new; he’s just more open with
it. Trump’s language, the coarse vulgarity, the lack of recognition of the
legitimacy of the opposition – is not his invention. It was pioneered during the
1990s by Newt Gingrich’s Contract with America - a declaration of war against
the Democratic Party, bipartisanship, and the Clintons.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Trump’s talk of ‘Crooked Hillary’ and ‘Lying Ted’ is part of
a rhetoric that began in the 1990s. The GOP employed Orwellian PR men like
Frank Luntz who changed the language and imagery of politics, attaching epithets
to everything they opposed <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>– corrupt,
greedy, lazy. Luntz’s claim to fame is that he invented “climate change” as the
neutral-sounding term to replace “global warming”.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Whoever wins this election, the country is in for a very
tough time. America will survive Donald Trump but at what price? And how will a
changing world react –a China that still champs at the thought of its ‘century
of humiliation’ at the hands of colonial exploitation, a Middle East seething
with the lethal and illegal exercise of American military violence, an India
trying to shed its colonial past and enter the top table of world politics –
still dominated by the US-led West?</span></div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-26599630837492587712016-10-20T07:18:00.002-07:002016-10-20T07:18:22.399-07:00Trump Rejects US Electoral System as Rigged if He's Defeated
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Final Debate Confirms
Positions – strengths and weaknesses of Both Candidates: Trump Sets Stage for
Refusal to Accept Election Result if he Loses</span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The final US presidential debate confirmed what we already
knew about both candidates’ strengths and weaknesses. Donald Trump has no
experience of political office, speaks in vague and general terms on major
policy questions, is vulnerable on the question of women, and refused in
advance to accept election defeat, should that occur, because he claims the system
is “rigged”. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This last position confirms that he believes the electoral
systems of the several American states, many of them in Republicans’ hands, are
illegitimate despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. This has never
before occurred in the history American presidential elections and indicates a
chasm deeper than the San Andreas fault between the two candidates, between the
Republican candidate and his own party, his own campaign team, major supporters
like Governor Chris Christie and his vice presidential running mate, Governor
Mike Pence. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">But his core voters – drawn from a wide social base
extending deep into America’s affluent middle classes – will be encouraged to
stick with their candidate until the very end.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He also argued that as a “criminal”, Clinton should not even
be allowed to run for president. In the first debate he said that he would have
Hillary investigated and sent to jail for her crimes. He is setting the stage
for a declaration of a rigged, stolen election that illegally deprives him of
victory on 8 November. Should he stick with this line after what looks like
inevitable defeat on 8 November, he may well continue a campaign to undermine
the legitimacy of a Clinton presidency much as he tried to do with false claims
against President Obama that he was not born in the United States, a claim
believed by large swathes of the Republican electorate even today.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This unprecedented stance would place the US alongside
authoritarian states and dictatorships that routinely jail opponents, a
practice in many US allied nations that threatens to come home. But it will
delight his core support whose slogan is “Lock Her Up”.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Donald Trump also accused Hillary Clinton’s campaign of
causing violence at some of his election rallies and encouraging women to come
forward with false claims that the Republican had sexually molested them. “She
started the riot at my Chicago rally,” he stated. He flatly denied he’d ever
molested or groped any women and declared that he respects women more than any
other person alive. Trump’s world is beyond evidence, a self-contained reality.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Trump was stronger on his remarks about Iraq, on Libya and
Syria where he scored well for pointing out that President Assad, Russia and
Iran were actually fighting ISIS while the US backs ‘rebels’ whose loyalties
are suspect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He also went on the offensive over the Clinton emails matter
and made legitimate points about the derailing of the FBI’s investigation. There
is a case to answer there which will be used by opponents like Trump to
challenge her leadership and block her presidential initiatives, especially if
the GOP retains a hold on the House of Representatives.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Trump called Hillary Clinton “a liar” on at least 4
occasions, and interrupted his opponent on numerous more occasions. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">On another landmark issue in post-war American politics –
Roe vs Wade which made abortion legal – Trump stated he would appoint Supreme
Court justices to overturn the decision of 1973. Hillary Clinton’s stout
defence of the pro-choice position was both clear and hard-hitting – and will
further widen the rift between women voters and the Republican candidate.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Overall, Donald Trump’s debate performance was acceptable
but he did not secure a victory last night. Clinton has now won every debate
according to opinion polls that have a secure methodology, i.e., anything
approaching a representative sample of either debate-watchers or likely voters.
But the core support of each candidate will not have been affected by the third
and final contest between the candidates for the White House.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Clinton’s performance was, once again, measured, detailed on
policy, generally on point in regard to questions asked, and even witty on
occasion, as when she threw in a remark about the Chinese steel used by Trump
to build his Las Vegas hotel while he was plugging his various luxury assets.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">On the economy, it was noteworthy that Trump agreed with
Chris Wallace, the Fox News debate host, when he said that Trump stood for
lower taxes and less government regulation, but the Republican’s response was
to argue that NATO countries should “pay up”, avoiding the question itself and economists
who criticise his tax reduction plans as likely to cause a massive increase in
the national debt. Clinton derided Trump tax plans as “trickle down economics
on steroids”. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Low taxes for the rich and less corporate regulation
contradicts the political attitudes of large parts of the GOP candidates
working class core support. It will remain to be seen if that makes any
difference to them on election day. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In their closing statements the contrast was stark and
confirms where each candidate stands rhetorically: while Clinton emphasised
jobs, diversity, fairness, taxing corporations, Trump spoke about a stronger
military, more empowered police forces, and twice in a minute repeated his
ambition to make America great again.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">There remain in the region of 19% of American voters still
undecided on their choice of president. Polls over the next week will show if
anything in last night’s debate changed their minds. Hillary Clinton has a
strong lead at present nationally and in almost all key states but that large
figure of undecided voters means this election contest is going to the wire.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Americans will finally decide on what kind of country and
leader they want. Most are likely to vote negatively - against the candidate
they dislike most rather for than for one they truly admire. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">American democracy has produced two of the most disliked
candidates for president in a century or more and however it goes on 8 November,
there will remain massive political discontent and disillusionment. Given the
poisonous atmosphere, the spectre of political violence hangs over the United
States. And if Clinton wins, as almost all polls predict, there is likely to be
a concerted right wing effort to declare her election illegitimate and to block
her legislative programme. This is the end point of post-truth politics where a
politician can say whatever they like regardless of the facts and maintain that
position despite evidence, and be believed by a significant proportion of the
electorate, regardless of level of income or education. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The paranoid style in American politics, documented long ago
by historian Richard Hofstadter, is alive and well and hard-wired in divisive
partisan politics. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the 1990s, the Clintons spoke of a vast right wing
conspiracy against their leadership. They may have been half-right then, but
the power of the Right has exploded since then. President Clinton is going to
need a mobilised Democratic party, energised by the Bernie Sanders Millennials,
to stand any chance of sustaining her credibility as America’s first woman
chief executive and commander-in-chief. </span></div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-2644228828305226572016-10-18T13:55:00.005-07:002016-10-18T13:55:41.342-07:00Trump-Gingrich setting stage for violent rejection of Clinton victory
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Trump
and Gingrich talk of “rigged election” and “coup d’etat” is green light for
violent rejection of a Clinton victory</span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It has long been part of Donald Trump’s so-called
post-election defeat strategy to cry foul and declare the system rigged against
the self-declared people’s billionaire champion. Now, just ahead of the third
and final debate with Democratic rival, Hillary Clinton, the former Republican
House speaker, Newt Gingrich has blamed the corporate media for a ‘coup d’etat’
against Trump who, Gingrich claims, would be leading by 15% were it not for
media bias. The latter is most apparent in the time devoted last week to the
video showing Trump boasting of sexually assaulting women as contrasted with
the scant attention to Wikileaked speeches by Hillary Clinton, Gingrich
suggests.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Post-truth politics rarely paid attention to reality
but a coup d’etat indicates a further slip into the Alice in Wonderland world
of the Trump roadshow. The ‘reality’ TV star candidate’s supporters are
desperately trying to rescue a campaign that’s been on the rocks since their
leader attacked a Gold Star family and has approached freefall since Trump was
exposed on television for boasting about his licence, as a TV star, to do
whatever he wished to women.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">According to the encylopedia Britannica a coup d’etat
is “<span><span style="color: #222222;">the sudden, violent overthrow
of an existing government by a small group. The chief prerequisite for a <b>coup</b>
is control of all or part of the armed forces, the police, and other military
elements.” Not only has there been no violence against Donald Trump, he is yet
actually to win any political office, let alone be removed from it by military
coercion. </span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Newt Gingrich, who has
a doctorate in history, appears to need reminding that claims require
substantiation in terms of concrete evidence.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Asked if the election
is literally being “rigged” or “stolen” at local voting centres, Gingrich
replied that he was referring only to media bias in covering the Trump sex tape
as compared with the Clinton speeches exposed by Wikileaks. That still does not
explain Trump’s repeated calls at recent rallies urging his supporters to ‘monitor’
voting at their polling stations, including following “illegals” attempting to
vote. </span></span></div>
<br />
<span><span style="color: #222222;">The Trump campaign has begun
recruiting “election observers”. At a rally in Pennsylvania, Trump warned,
without evidence, of vote rigging: </span></span>“We’re gonna watch
Pennsylvania,” he said. “Go down to certain areas and watch and study and make
sure other people don’t come in and vote five times. The only way we can
lose…..is if cheating goes on. I really believe it.<br />
<br /><br />
<br />
“So I hope you people can sort of not just vote on the 8<sup>th</sup>
[November] – go around and look and watch other polling places and make sure
that it’s 100% fine,” he added.<br />
<br /><br />
<br />
Trump’s focus on Pennsylvania obliquely alludes to the fact that in over 50
voting districts – mainly in majority African-American localities - Republican
candidate Mitt Romney secured not a single vote in 2012. This was also the case
for Republican John McCain when he ran against Barack Obama in 2008. Obama
secured well over 90% of the total African-American vote in both election
victories. <br />
<br />
<br /><br />
Steve Webb, a Trump voter Ohio, declared he'd be an election monitor:
"I'll look for ... well, it's called racial profiling. Mexicans, Syrians
... people who can't speak American. I'm going to go right up behind them. I'll
do everything legally. I want to see if they are accountable. I'm not going to
do anything illegal. I'm going to make them a little bit nervous."<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
A study by Loyola law school in 2014 demonstrated a mere 31 “credible” cases
of voter fraud from a total of 1 billion ballots cast.<br />
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It is the case however
that the Trump sexual assault boasts received several times more air time than
did the leaked emails concerning Clinton’s speeches to Wall St firms, knowledge
that a key US ally, Saudi Arabia, has been funding ISIS, among other things,
which certainly merits further investigation. But given that Trump made Bill
Clinton’s sexual adventures a campaign issue for Hillary, he would
automatically draw attention to any revelations of his own scandals, especially
ones so serious as normally to be considered illegal sexual assault. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In addition, Trump has
generally garnered far more TV airtime than any other candidate either in the
Republican primaries or in the presidential campaign. One survey showed Trump
receiving in excess of $2 billion free airtime in contrast to Clinton’s $700
million and Bernie Sanders’s pitiful $250m. Trump’s media strategy – to make
outsized claims to draw media attention and to keep the spotlight has finally
produced serious blowback and damaged his polling numbers.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But there is a bigger
issue at stake in the claims made on the Right about the likely defeat of their
champion – the leader who is making a last ditch stand against the satanic
forces of evil, as some evangelicals, birthers and alt-right extremists prepare
for Armageddon. This is no ordinary election for them but the showdown about
who owns and runs America. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The collection of white
supremacists, Christian evangelicals, and anti-globalists believe Trump when he
says the country is ‘going to hell’ because of the presidency of Barack Obama
and the prospect of Hillary Clinton as chief executive. They are preparing
either for an ‘end of days’ apocalypse or a race war to halt the inevitable –
an America which, in a few short decades, will feature whites as a minority of
the population.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Asked repeatedly during
the first presidential debate whether he would concede to Clinton if he failed
to secure the presidency, Trump reluctantly concurred but later toyed with
rejecting a Clinton victory. While there is no rule stating that the losing
contender must graciously concede, given the vitriolic character of Trump’s
campaign, and the complete rejection of the legitimacy of his opponent and of
the very electoral system, there could well be a violent reaction from a
minority of the millions of voters – many of them gun owners and second
amendment diehards – Trump has rallied with his fiery message.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A Survey Monkey poll
suggests that around 30% of Trump voters would reject a Clinton victory as
illegitimate, with just under a third saying they would accept it.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Trump’s message has
been a long time in the making, however, and seems to be the logical development
of trends deep in post-1960s Republican and Democratic party politics. The
apocalyptic calls from southern segregationists against civil rights, President
Nixon’s thinly veiled racist calls for law and order and espousal of a racist ‘southern
strategy’, the FBI’s war on civil rights and black power, Ronald Reagan’s
championing of coded racist ‘states rights’ at a rally at Philadelphia,
Mississippi – the scene in 1964 of the killing of 3 civil rights activists –
and the marrying of religion and politics in a new cold war against the ‘evil
empire’ built a platform for Trump. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And in the 1990s, with
the victory of Bill Clinton, the anti-globalists and puritanical purists felt
the forces of UN and NAFTA darkness, led by Newt Gingrich’s
counter-revolutionary ‘contract with America’, and the general slide into the
rejection of the Clinton and Democrats, and their ethnically- and
racially-diverse coalition, as legitimate actors on the political scene.</span></span></div>
<span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mainstream party
politics, dominated by Big Money, and championing low taxes for the rich and
small government for the working and middle classes, created the foundations of
both of this election cycle’s insurgencies – led by Donald Trump and Bernie
Sanders. Both leaders claim the system is rigged against ordinary people and
call for a revolution. </span></span><br />
<span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But the anger and
bitterness is almost exclusively the domain of the Trump campaign, whose white
ethno-nationalist base seems to want a final showdown to win ‘their country’
back.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">Inderjeet Parmar is
professor of international politics at City, University of London, and a
columnist at The Wire</span></b></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">Follow him on twitter -
@USEmpire</span></b></span></div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-42596002598550967372016-10-13T01:54:00.000-07:002016-10-13T01:54:02.692-07:00In 2012, Post-Truth Politics of the Trump-Clinton-Sanders Story<div id="p-3">
<strong>US Presidential Election 2012: Post-Truth Politics</strong></div>
<br /><br />
In the September 2012 edition of Political Insight, I wrote an article on the political decay of the two main American political parties and their disconnection with the lives and anxieties of ordinary people.<br />
<br /><br />
The opening paragraph of that article is pasted below and shows that the 2016 election process, and the sheer vitriol, anger and resentment, and deep ideological divides it has made apparent, has been coming for some time, has gathered real momentum and is unlikely to fizzle out any time soon; more likely, there is a political explosion on the cards unless the next president fashions a new political bargain at home and abroad - one that focuses on redistribution income, wealth and power away from Wall St, and reduce US global military, financial and political commitments overseas. <br />
<br /><br />
"There are many issues in the 2012 US presidential election campaign that are central to understanding US politics generally and US power today, such as money, national security and religion. <br />
<br /><br />
The US may be suffering from high unemployment levels, spiralling home repossessions and increased wealth and income inequality, yet the politics of the world's lone superpower seem almost entirely removed from the lives of the mass of ordinary working Americans. On the face of it, the US appears to have fully embraced ‘post-truth politics’, a condition in which practically anything may be said and taken seriously about almost any subject regardless of its connection with reality.<br />
<br />
<div id="p-4">
The leadership groups of both the Republican and Democratic parties are implicated in a politics seemingly disconnected from reality. They are both more or less equally committed to a politics dominated by Big Finance rather than popular sovereignty; to an economic philosophy obsessed with the market mechanism, regardless of its utility to the broad mass of Americans; and to a foreign and national security perspective more suited to the interests of a global imperium than its own, let alone the world's, people. </div>
<br /><br />
Both parties are heavily invested in the Lincolnian belief that the US is ‘the last best hope of earth’."USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-84650360553849846652016-10-13T00:22:00.005-07:002016-10-13T00:22:29.409-07:00Trump-Clinton Debate - Unravelling of the American Establishment
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Trump-Clinton
Second Debate: Extraordinary Times, Landmark Election </span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif;"> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333;">The main thing that we learned
or, rather, we were reminded of, from the second debate is that this is truly
an extraordinary election, and the outcome is going to be very significant
going into the next decade or more. There are two forces up against each other
– the status quo, represented by Democratic Hillary Clinton, who symbolises the
political establishment, against the Republican Donald Trump, who argues that
he is a change candidate. The race started off with an extraordinary primary
season, where Hillary Clinton defeated the ‘socialist’ Bernie Sanders after he
secured over 13 million votes in the Democratic primaries; the debating season
is matching this that unprecedented character.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif;"> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333;">The (most recent) strategy
that Trump has been employing is to try to win back those Republican voters
turned off by his overall image of xenophobia and misogyny. I do not believe
that there was enough in the second debate, other than his denial on the
question of the video tape released on Friday, to win them over. Overall, he is
believed to have failed to win back ground from Clinton, who held her own in
the debate, even when Trump raised allegations of sexual abuse relating to her
husband for which she could hardly be held responsible.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif;"> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Hillary Clinton maintained a
relatively dignified approach to the entire debate, which had a very personal
nature. Donald Trump used the tactics he is normally associated with, which
often lower the level of civility, by saying that she had “hate in her heart”
and that she has tolerated abuse. The important point to make here, though, is
that this kind of political gossip is an opium of the American electorate, and
the cult of celebrity and interest in stardom means these debate exchanges are
lapped up every four years.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Yet, Trump hit home with
several points that show why this race is as close as it is: Clinton's place
and role as an establishment politician, with powerful links with the past and
with Big Money, the disasters of the Iraq war and of the financial meltdown of
2008-09, of the chaos in post-US intervention for regime change in Libya. Trump
also scored with criticism of Clinton's private email server as secretary of
state and with the Wikileaked transcripts of Clinton's espousal of sympathy with
Wall St and on the efficacy of maintaining public and private positions on key
political questions, and her sympathy for a policy she has publicly repudiated
- the Trans-Pacific Partnership.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333;"> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Hillary Clinton's credibility,
level of public trust and disapproval is only slightly higher than the same for
Donald Trump.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif;"> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333;">But that should not deflect
from the other main problem at the moment, and that is that Donald
Trump stands for a reversal of the historic 1960s and 1970s rights
revolution, where women and African Americans and many other minorities won
rights. What he stands for is really a reversion to the 1950s – he’s a person
who appears to wish that the civil rights movement and the women’s rights
movement had never happened.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif;"> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333;">The election of Barack Obama
for the first time in 2008, and now the prospect of a woman president in 2016,
has really sent a signal to a lot of people who are very deeply conservative,
who opposed the rights revolution from the very beginning, and have chipped
away at those gains ever since. The level of vitriol against those changes
and the effect that they are now having in the twenty-first century, has
reached such a high point that Trump is able to sustain support despite
everything he’s said and done.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif;"> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Trump continues to garner
support at between 40 and 42 per cent in opinion polls, which appears at odds
with everything we know about his businesses, his taxes and his attitudes
towards women and racial minorities. On the other hand, it must be remembered that his popularity still
puts him near the lower end of support achieved in previous election campaigns.
We could see something similar to Republican contender Barry Goldwater’s
spectacular defeat when, in 1964, he was thoroughly trounced in the electoral
college, resulting in a landslide victory to Lyndon Johnson.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333;">It is said of Barry Goldwater
that he lost the election but won the future – a victory that resonates with
the anti-rights appeals of Donald Trump. But 2016 is not 1964 and the
demographic future of America is against the Trump tide.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif;"> W</span><span style="color: #333333;">hen national opinion polls are translated into electoral
college votes in the key swing states, it will probably be a handsome victory
for Hillary Clinton, leaving a Trump rump that will maintain that the election
process was rigged all along, that his defeat resulted from betrayal by the GOP's leadership. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Expect more thunder from the Right.</span></div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-77574732620425239662016-10-09T16:55:00.002-07:002016-10-09T16:55:57.904-07:00New Debate, Same Question: How Has America Got to This Point and Where Is it Going?
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Clinton heads into
second presidential debate ahead in the polls, Trump campaign in crisis (again)</span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Donald Trump enters the second presidential election debate
behind by at least 4% in the polls – he was neck and neck ahead of the first
debate – under pressure to perform better and win back the initiative. This
translates, due to Clinton’s lead in the majority of key ‘swing states’, into a
resounding defeat in electoral college terms in November. Yet, given the
volatility of the electorate, the outcome remains uncertain due to the
possibility of a ‘secret’ Trump voting bloc who conceal their support of Trump
from pollsters.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">But the recently released video tape showing him boasting of
how his celebrity status enables him to sexually assault women is likely to put
him on the back foot with undecided voters who constitute around 20% of the
electorate in this most controversial of contests. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Those undecided voters will form the studio audience at the
second debate scheduled for tonight (Sunday 9 October). Half of all questions
directed at the candidates will be from audience members; both candidates will
need to be nimble on their political feet to cope with questions that might
range from what they’re going to do to restore living standards or about the
banks that brought America to its knees in 2008 to the price of a pound of
beef. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Most of them will not like hearing that their possible
future president and commander-in-chief of the armed forces – in which sexual
violence is a major problem - supports sexual assaults on women. Several senior
Republicans have now refused to endorse Trump’s candidacy but the party has not
yet seen enough to warrant a full-scale repudiation. This could cause the GOP
severe credibility problems down the line.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The most recent video of Trump’s predatory view of women,
when seen in the context of previous comments, constitutes a world view – that women
who work in executive positions are unwelcome, and he is angered if, upon
arriving home in the evening, his meal is not ready. He appears to want
American women to return to the oppressive 1950s before the women’s rights
movement.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Trump declared himself the winner of the first debate but
was seen as clearly unprepared by commentators including Republican political
strategists. He appeared to have secured an advantage from the vice
presidential debate which his running mate, Mike Pence, was thought by many to
have won – mainly by denying that Trump had ever said anything racist, sexist
or otherwise abusive, a position contrary to Trump’s actual record. But in this
post-truth politics age, this contradiction hardly appears worthy of comment in
a tribalised media that spew their own views as the truth. Yet, even Pence has
distanced himself from the toxic comments about women and girls that Trump
first made in 2005.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">While Trump alienates voters, Clinton is chasing and
gradually winning over Millennials who despite supporting her by a margin of at
least 2 to 1 are unenthusiastic about the Democratic candidate; only 47% say
that they’ll definitely vote in November. Bernie Sanders, Clinton’s primary
election nemesis, who provided the lenses through which most Millennials view
Clinton, is roving the country to galvanise their votes while Clinton
increasingly speaks about college fees and climate change, issues that appeal
to the under 35s.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The second debate is likely to see an under-siege but better
prepared Donald Trump, probably one likely to rove around the stage – there are
no lecterns this time to stand behind and grip with both hands. He will need to
retain self-control lest he appears intimidating, reinforcing his image as a
male bully who has little if any respect for women.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Billing himself as the change candidate, the change Donald
Trump believes in seems to lie somewhere in the 1950s. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">But the big question posed by this election remains
unchanged: how has America come to this point? That a candidate like Donald
Trump has a serious shot at the White House, has not been repudiated by the
Republican party, and has yet to be decisively knocked out of the race by an
experienced representative of the political class? </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It suggests that the crisis of the American political
establishment is deep and enduring. This story is far from over, regardless of
the outcome at tonight’s debate let alone on 8 November 2016. </span></div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-70829552085420189422016-09-29T03:11:00.001-07:002016-09-29T03:11:32.820-07:00Trump signals crisis of the US foreign policy establishment
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Trump signals crisis of the US foreign policy establishment</span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Donald Trump's bid for the presidency and
current position in the opinion polls is a crisis not only of the Republican
party – the party of Lincoln – but also of the broader bi-partisan American
foreign policy establishment’s instinctive interventionist mind set, their
military definition of reality. Yet, for all his appeals to the most bigoted
sections of American society, Trump’s foreign policy message speaks to a twenty-first
century truth: America's position in the world has changed, its wars are
dragging on, the blowback is lethal, there are too many problems at home, and the
popular appetite waning for global ‘leadership’. But it appears from Trump’s
military spending plans that he is already planning to betray his supporters.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Americans love winners, not losers, and the
post-9-11 years have not appeared to most Americans, or the rest of the world,
to have been an untrammelled success for military power. But the American
foreign policy establishment begs to differ and wants an even more robust
projection of American military power. To them, Trump is the ‘enemy within’
allied with America’s foe Vladimir Putin, questioning NATO (set up to counter
the ‘Red threat’), threatening the alliance with Japan and South Korea (set up
to counter the ‘Red threat’), bringing America into disrepute through his stated
commitment to torture terro suspects and kill their families. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The neoconservative architects of the Iraq war
and the war on terror are backing Hillary Clinton for the White House and she
is courting them with promises of American leadership from the front, not from
behind, signalling her Warrior Queen credentials: more like the ‘iron lady’ Margaret
Thatcher than allegedly dovish President Obama.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Right’s support for Clinton’s hawkish
foreign policy<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and contempt for Donald
Trump’s apparent ‘isolationism’ has been building for some time – with open
letters from ‘respectable foreign policy conservatives’, mostly hard-core architects
of military aggression against Iraq in 2003, extraordinary rendition
(kidnapping) and torture, targeted assassination (drone strikes), and ever
higher military spending to underscore America’s lethal advantage over all
others. There have even been rumblings that the CIA and military leaders might
refuse to follow orders from commander-in-chief Trump. Neoconservative
commentator and founder of the militarist, pro-regime-change in Iraq Project
for the New American Century-founder, Robert Kagan, doubts that Trump would
find anyone with experience to serve in the most senior positions in
intelligence or the Pentagon. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Trump’s crime violates Clinton’s law, the
reflex position of the American foreign policy establishment –and every
president, including Obama - since Japan’s aerial attack on Pearl Harbor in
December, 1941. The attitude of the establishment – the men behind the scenes
who decide who’s in or out, trustworthy and loyal or beyond the pale, “one of
us” – was summed up long ago by the brilliant journalist Godfrey Hodgson in the
aftermath of the disastrous war on Vietnam: outright rejection of
‘isolationism’ which in practice meant any viewpoint that questioned or
rejected American primacy in world politics; total embrace of
‘internationalism’ – an open world trading system that permitted the US, and
its western allies, to recover from the destruction of WWII through restoring
colonial trade and investment links; an aspiration to the moral leadership of
the world via institutional and military means; and a self-definition as
centrsis and moderates against “yahoos of left and right”. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The establishment is rooted in Wall Street law
firms and banks, the upper echelons of the federal executive – White House,
CIA, Pentagon, leading senators – and elite universities like Harvard and
Princeton, and think tanks like the New York-based Council on Foreign Relations.
They are largely unelected yet constitute the majority of senior appointees in
Republican and Democratic administrations. They are the elitist red thread of
continuity in a political system they believe gives far too much power to the
great unwashed, the dangerous classes who should obey their betters, or else
accept re-education, a curious interpretation of the notion of the ‘consent of
the governed’ upon which democracy is assumed to rest.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is reported that Robert Kagan and other
neoconservatives cheered Hillary Clinton’s appointment to secretary of state in
2008 and are now fund-raising on her behalf because she plans to be a lot
tougher with Russia in Ukraine – provide even more arms to Ukrainian
nationalists including the extreme-right wing elements; more weapons and other
military assistance to overthrow the Assad regime in Syria, including arming
fundamental Islamists; and ride rough-shod over popular opposition to further
American military adventurism; and so on. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">President Clinton would dust off the Libyan
template used to overthrow Colonel Gaddafi, her allies told a neocon gathering
of “foreign policy professionals for Hillary”, without a hint of irony. The
disorder and insecurity of Libya after Gaddafi’s ousting is re-framed as a
great success. Like colonial powers of old, President Clinton seems ready to
redraw the national boundaries of the Middle East.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">At a recent fund-raiser, it is reported that
Kagan rolled his eyes when told that President Obama refused arms to Ukrainian
fighters for fear of escalating the confrontation with Russia to nuclear
levels. Trump, it transpires, is too unstable to entrust with nukes, but
Clinton’s more measured approach to nuclear annihilation is acceptable.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">According to the Cato Institute, 37% of
Americans are generally always opposed to the use of military force to resolve
global problems while just under a quarter practically always favour armed
intervention. Around 40% are undecided; they are the battleground for hearts
and minds, the people who need to be convinced through “education” to allow the
commander-in-chief to act with the “consent of the governed”.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif;">But Trump’s
message is just the tip of the iceberg. The problem (of all those people
opposed to war as the first resort) is a lot more widespread – Bernie Sanders’s
political base was far more anti-interventionist (‘isolationist’ in foreign
policy establishment speak) than their candidate. </span>“It’s not just Donald
Trump,” Kagan said. “I think you can find in both parties a very strong sense
that we don’t need to be out there anymore.” “[President] Hillary Clinton… is
going to immediately be confronting a country that is not where she is,” he
said. “She is a believer in this world order. But a great section of the
country is not and is going to require persuasion and education.” <br />
<br />
<br /><br />
Kagan did not mention what the rest of the world might think and the
education they’re likely to need. Maybe he’s thinking of what President Lyndon
Johnson said about such educational efforts: “if you grab ‘em by the balls,
their hearts and minds will follow.” That attitude led to the tragedy of
Vietnam and the killing fields of Cambodia.<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
Presumably Kagan wants to provide the sort of education delivered by the
Bush administration and its allies – like UK premier Tony Blair – which
tailored intelligence on non-existent weapons of mass destruction to justify
military aggression against Iraq – leading to massive numbers of deaths and
social, economic and political breakdown, paving the way for the emergence of
ISIS, the Middle east’s equivalent of Pol Pot’s<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Khmer Rouge - after a media blitz of gigantic proportions. <br />
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: #262626; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When Donald Trump attacks the ‘establishment’ for ‘rigging the
system’ against the interests of ordinary people, he strikes a chord with both historical
fact and the opinions of millions of Americans. He may have no intention, or
ability, or even desire, to deliver anything better than currently rules US
foreign policy and its globalised military system; his military spending plans
derive from the Heritage Foundation’s hawkish approach. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But his appeal, and message, along with that
of the millions behind Sanders, is signalling major popular discontent, and threatening
the end of business as usual for the foreign policy elite, whoever wins the
White House.</span></div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-30597266960660013222016-09-09T08:43:00.004-07:002016-09-09T08:43:32.605-07:00How Will the Sanders Revolution Work With President Hillary Clinton?
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“Our campaign has been about building a movement,
which brings working people and young people into the political process to
create a government which represents all of us and not just a handful of
wealthy campaign contributors,” Bernie Sanders declared. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“We will continue to do everything we can to oppose
the drift,” Sanders continued, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“which
currently exists toward an oligarchic form of society, where a handful of
billionaires exercise enormous power over our political, economic, and media
life.”</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">One of the biggest question for US election watchers, yet
being ignored due to the mass media’s obsession with Donald Trump, is whether
the basic instincts of President Hillary Clinton will see a major reversal of
the gains and promises of the Sanders insurgency – currently embedded in the
Democratic Party’s official election platform and espoused in Clinton’s public
speeches since the party’s July convention.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">How might the Sanders impulse, insurgency, revolution, call
it what you will – backed by primary election victories in 22 states, winning 46%
of all Democratic non-pledged delegates, and over 13 million votes to Hillary’s
16 million (and Trump’s 13 million) – become politically embedded and
simultaneously in touch with its popular roots and energy, and actually make a
difference? How might its momentum deliver at least part of the political
revolution Sanders demanded? </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">And, even should Clinton continue to espouse the Sanders
programme, will congress go along and permit anti-Wall Street legislation, vote
for a much increased federal minimum wage, reject the Trans-Pacific Partnership
agreement, and abolish public university tuition fees for most students, among
other things? Will the Sanders movement affect the politics of congress?</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The right to revolution may be enshrined in America’s
history, but will its political system of divided government act as a brake on
radical political change, adding to the likely inertia and foot-dragging of a
Clinton presidency won with massive Wall Street funding, now with even more
traditional conservative and GOP donors? The official national GOP might be
dying, with Donald Trump’s embrace of unabashed white ethno-nationalist
identity politics, but its ghost may yet haunt the next Democratic presidency
through its continuing grip on the levers of power in the House of
Representatives.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The
diverse range of Democratic party policy planks installed after Sanders’s
pressure may well be significant for their direct beneficiaries but, critics
complain, are all at the margin and can be withdrawn or much more likely eroded
over time. They are in the nature of concessions that might split the Sanders
movement. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Given
this situation, what would drive real and lasting change and how might it come
about? Where is the locomotive of political change and what is the mechanism by
which that change might be effected?</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">There is great pessimism about the political situation in
the United States, especially on the Left. Yet America’s political system is
flexible, capable of accommodating programmes as statist as the 1930s New Deal
and as reactionary as the Contract with America of the 1990s Newt Gingrich-led
GOP. Politics is a struggle, a constant system of flux, of forces locked in
conflict vying for power, to establish their agenda over that of others. What
we are witnessing today in the US elections is nothing short of revolutionary
in character. When has a major party female candidate defeated and incorporated
into her platform – the most radical in its history - an overtly socialist
agenda, and then been pitted against an extreme right-wing xenophobic and
misogynistic ‘Republican’ TV celebrity with no prior political experience who’s
rejecting the few tenets both main parties actually agree on – US globalism and
free trade? This is hardly politics as usual and the result of the November
presidential election, whichever way it goes, is unlikely seamlessly to return America
to normalcy. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">There is a new normal and we should get used to it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Let’s look at several continuing initiatives by Bernie
Sanders and his supporters to build on his momentous challenge to the Clinton machine.
The movement has sprouted a Sanders Institute to mobilise behind progressive
congressional candidates across America. According to Sanders, candidates may
get support in fund-raising and on the hustings even if they happen to be
progressives from the tea party. President Bill Clinton former labor secretary
Robert Reich has spoken of a new progressive party – the kinds of organisations
now in motion may well lead to such an outcome. The Sanders Institute’s aim is
to conduct political-ideological work on the key issues of power, wealth and
inequality that struck such a chord during his bid for the Democratic
nomination. Although he has not endorsed it, some of his supporters are also
actively aligning their work with the Green party which had previously asked
Sanders to run for the White House on their ticket. Its candidate, Jill Stein,
hovers around 5% in presidential election polls.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Brand New Congress is another key grouping on the Sanders
wing of the Democratic party. It’s a political action committee that aims to
identify and support hundreds of non-politician candidates for over 400
congressional seats with the aim of replacing the entire House by the mid-term
elections in 2018. Formed in April 2016, it has raised almost $100,000 in small
donations and is looking to the future – without Wall Street big money
politics. It complements the Sanders Institute’s plan to back 100 progressive
candidates in congressional and state and local elections in November 2016.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Sanders’s Our Revolution organisation aims to build on his
campaign and revitalise democracy, empower progressives to run for school board
elections, mayoral offices and take on big money politics. And Our Revolution
seeks to “elevate political consciousness”: take on the corporate media,
educate the public and improve public discourse and understanding. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It is instructive that more people in the corporate media
seem to pay attention to what Donald Trump’s post-defeat strategy might be than
to what Sanders’s post-convention strategy actually is. The corporate media may
not tell us what to think, but it remains spectacularly successful in telling
us what to think about.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">And it’s not all about Sanders either: Senator Elizabeth
Warren continues work to hold the major financial institutions to account, with
Republican support from the likes of John McCain for a law to bring back the
Glass-Steagall Act – passed in the 1930s to protect the banking system and
ordinary savers, but abolished by President Clinton in the late 1990s. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">And the Democracy for America organisation which backed
Sanders for the White House is endorsing progressives up and down the country
and ballot.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">If Donald Trump’s non-conservative statist message, and
Hillary Clinton’s shift to the left, have shown us anything, it is that there
are big changes afoot in America’s political fabric. Even Wall St now agrees
that wages must rise, infrastructure needs investment and inequality has
reached extreme levels. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">These are early days and no political outcome is certain.
There is much going on. But returning to normalcy is unlikely to cut it now or
after November.</span></div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-6545158054661605392016-08-24T06:12:00.001-07:002016-08-24T06:12:18.835-07:00America’s New Normal Challenges the Pareto Principle
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">America’s
New Normal Challenges the Pareto Principle</span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Looks like the Pareto Principle has been proven to be
correct once again…. Don't mean to sound cynical but whether people are
becoming poorer and desperate or expressing deep discontent, nothing is going
to change. The [top] 20 percent are still going to dictate terms with their
immense control over media and money.” </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The quote above is one thoughtful reader’s response to
the US presidential election campaign as Donald Trump appears to be losing
ground, largely through his own off-the-cuff bigotry and xenophobia, and the
leftist challenge of Bernie Sanders seems to have fizzled out as the Democratic
party unifies behind Hillary Clinton to defeat their common enemy: Donald Trump.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Pareto Principle – named after the work of Italian
political sociologist, Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923), is part of a larger theory
that may be summed up as the inevitability and “naturalness” of elite power.
The history of power in all societies everywhere is one of elites – some
fox-like and cunning (elite democracy?), others leonine and masculine (rule by
force) – circulating in an endless series of births, deaths and re-births. And
quite right too, ‘elitists’ assert.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">So whatever the political label or rhetoric, elites always
rule. The Pareto Principle contends that about 20% of any population basically
produces 80% of the desired results – whether we refer to police officers
fighting crime or teachers educating students, or ownership of wealth and the
earning of income. Adding to this tradition, other major elite theorists, such
as Robert Michels, argued for an iron law of oligarchy: whichever political
party – revolutionary or reactionary, fascist, communist or democratic,
conservative or liberal – gains power, it is bound to be ruled by an elite
minority that is better organised, more gifted, and effective, justly easing
out the masses from real power.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Elitism certainly has a ring of truth about it, and
confirms the cynic in their cynicism – that nothing ever truly can or ever will
change. But its take on reality suggests that the future looks just like the
past, defying radical historical shifts in power – between classes or races or
nations, for example. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Elitists like Pareto seemed to revere hereditary
aristocracies where the ‘talents’ reigned supreme and democracy posed a threat,
and Marxism threatened complete annihilation. Pareto’s birth in 1848 – a year
of democratic revolutions in Europe as well as the publication of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Communist Manifesto</i> by Karl Marx and
Friedrich Engels, and his death in 1923 in an era of rising fascism, tells its
own story of fear of change and a desire to return Italy to the past glories of
the Roman empire. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The end point of Pareto’s predictions is also open to
question and worth exploring in the US context. The change that Sanders and
Trump represent is explicable only in the context of recent political history –
increasing dissatisfaction with elites on Right and Left exemplified by
insurgencies from the Tea Party and Occupy Wall St, respectively. The Occupy
movement became nationwide, involved millions of people and expressed deep
discontent and anger, much of it shared among tea partiers on the right, especially
in the areas of military spending, corporate welfare, and opposition to special
interests, especially the big banks that were bailed out by taxpayers after the
2008 financial meltdown. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Those movements were the tinder-wood for the Trump and
Sanders insurgencies against their respective party elites in the 2016
primaries. That, according to American sociologist Alvin Gouldner, means where
there is an iron law of oligarchy, there is an equal and opposite law of
struggle for democracy, an axiom especially true in the modern era. It is just
a matter of time before the democratic eruption comes.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It might be worth considering another Italian thinker
– Antonio Gramsci – who wrote about intellectual hegemony, political power, and
political transformation: hegemony is almost always contested more or less
openly and maintaining hegemony is no easy process. Gramsci offers hope through
struggle and exposes the superficiality and inherent instability of elite
domination, its openness to challenges from below. Gramsci died in one of
Benito Mussolini’s prisons but practised what he preached – “pessimism of the
intellect, optimism of the will” – and his work inspired millions to keep
pushing for change, because change itself is inevitable, given time and the
balance of power between the status quo and change makers, those who make real
history. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Apply that principle to history and we see that things
do change even if the change is partial, incomplete and unsatisfactory to many
– the end of apartheid in South Africa, political independence for the colonial
world, relative peace in Northern Ireland, major advances in racialized power
in the United States, the transformation in women’s rights across (most of) the
world.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And if we apply Gramsci to American politics today,
perhaps we might see a more complex picture – movements for change albeit tempered
by a reassertion by status quo forces, the tentative, uncertain steps towards domestication
of a radical agenda with the original impulse hardly extinguished. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hence, we see that Hillary Clinton and her running
mate Tim Kaine have been forced to reject the Trans-Pacific Partnership
agreement by the power of the Sanders movement, and because of its appeal to
rust-belt white workers, a portion of which are die-hard Trump supporters.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Clinton may not be a fully convinced opponent of Wall
St and big money politics – after all, she and Bill make millions annually in
speaking fees from the likes of UBS and Goldman Sachs – but she does feel the
changing direction of the political wind. We may see some movement on a
financial transactions tax on speculative behaviour, strengthening of the
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau that Senator Elizabeth Warren fought to
establish, and action against corporate concentration.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Senator Elizabeth Warren’s reputation has been
enhanced by her stream of effective attacks on Donald Trump, and her campaign
to rein in the power of the big banks seems to have been renewed by the Sanders
movement. Sanders is acting as a major sponsor of the Warren-John McCain bill
to restore key provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act – passed in the wake of the
Wall Street crash of 1929 but repealed 70 years later by President Bill
Clinton. The Act had prevented banks from speculating with ordinary peoples’ hard-earned
savings. Hillary Clinton is committed to pushing a modernised version of
Glass-Steagall.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The necessity of higher wages – backed by a new
federal minimum wage of $15 per hour – was forced on Clinton by Bernie
Sanders’s representatives on the Democratic platform committee at the national
convention.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hillary Clinton was also forced to flip-flop on the
abolition of college tuition fees – she is now committed to making state
universities and colleges free for students from families earning less than
$125K annually – over 80% of all students.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">From significant plans for an infrastructure bank to
lead the renewal of America’s roads, railways, ports and bridges, to higher
taxes on the 0.1% of top income earners, to a public option for healthcare cost
reduction, to greater intra-party democracy, including reforming the
super-delegates system, Bernie Sanders’s legacy may yet live on should Clinton
win the White House.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">As Professor Bastiaan van Apeldoorn of the Free
University of Amsterdam argues, “The old order may no longer be sustainable; but
we may be witnessing an interregnum, with the old order dying and a new one
struggling to be born. The choice may increasingly [have to] be one between a
real radical (left) reformism or fascism or Trumpism” or whatever form white
ethno-nationalist bigotry may take. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“These are critical, transformative, times,” Apeldoorn
comments. “With the (still likely) election of Clinton the neoliberal,
Open Door, elite will get another lease of life but I cannot imagine it will be
a sustained return to normalcy. Both the Trump and Sanders campaigns have made
that clear.” </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It may not be quite the political revolution Sanders
demanded, but it is a major step away from the Trump counter-revolution, and an
important nod towards the demands of the Sanders movement, and parts of Trump’s
working class political base, and possibly a slightly fairer society. Things
could be a lot worse. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But the cost to the American people will have to be
paid in energetic vigilance – to ensure a level of democratic political
mobilisation to guard against a smooth return to ‘normalcy’ and the Pareto
Principle. The new normal needs protection.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></b></div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-83654928127989755702016-08-11T13:11:00.000-07:002016-08-11T13:11:20.026-07:00Trump’s McCarthy Moment of Political Theatre Signals the Establishment’s Fight-Back<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Red lines had been crossed, insults against numerous groups
hurled, anti-elite charges of being out of touch advanced, accusations of
treachery and selling the country out to subversives and foreigners made,
repeatedly and with seemingly little political consequence, but the end came
when there was a concerted attack on one of America’s most revered institutions
– the US Army. This was part of the downfall of US Senator Joseph McCarthy in
1953-4; he had gone too far, was out of control, and bringing elite
anti-communism, a mainstay of cold war America’s justification for global
expansion, into disrepute. Could it also be the beginning of the end of
Republican contender, Donald Trump’s, presidential campaign? Has he gone too
far even for hard-core right-wing Republicans who have fostered the very
political culture from which Trumpism sprang? And, with the turning and defanging
of Bernie Sanders’s leftist assault on Wall St, has American politics returned
to normalcy, with the establishment firmly back in the cockpit?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Anti-communist US Senator Joseph McCarthy had decided, in
discussions with that other Machiavellian Richard M. Nixon, that his road to
fame and possibly the White House lay in exposing the communist takeover of
America. From the boy scouts and girl guides, to the Protestant church to the
White House, America was riddled with corruption and weakened by communist
fifth-columns, and he was going to “take our country back”, as it were. Adding
to a broad anti-communist and anti-liberal movement, which included the House
Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), McCarthy went after practically
every organisation in America, except the KKK, FBI and the GOP, and wreaked havoc
among federal employees, thousands of whom lost their jobs, were blacklisted,
or worse. He spoke, the media amplified his message by largely uncritical
reporting, and heads rolled. He seemed invincible, his witch-finder-general
role popular, and road to the White House assured. President Eisenhower frowned
upon but refused to condemn or repudiate McCarthy; he happily tolerated, and
supported, the construction of an existential Soviet threat as the basis of a
foreign policy of anti-communist containment.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Yet, the Wisconsin senator’s aura of Teflon-like invincibility was finally
torpedoed when he went so far as to attack America’s cherished military, the
near-universal support for its warriors especially those who had fought the
“good war” a mere decade earlier. During the US Army hearings of 1953, McCarthy
called General Ralph Zwicker, a much decorated soldier, as having the
intelligence of a five year old child and declared him “not fit” to wear an
Army uniform. He later tried to destroy the career of a young US army lawyer, Fred
Fisher, denouncing him as a fellow traveller of communism and membership of the
bastion of communism in the USA, the National Lawyers’ Guild. This attack led
the US army’s lead counsel, Joseph Welch, a Boston blue-blood Republican, to
declare:<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> “You've done enough. Have you no sense
of decency, sir, at long last? Have you left no sense of decency?”</span> From
that point, the American public turned away from McCarthy and viewed him as
cruel, manipulative, and dangerous, as did the US ‘moderate’ right-wing
political elite. His fall from grace was rapid thereafter – he was censured by
the Senate and he faded away, dying of alcohol poisoning in 1956. <br />
<br />
Yet, McCarthy’s censure was on the grounds of conduct unbecoming a US
senator – ungentlemanly behaviour, not on the pain and suffering he caused
untold numbers of people. The GOP had had enough of McCarthy once his fiery
anti-communism, once a powerful tool against the Democrats, had brought
anti-communism itself into disrepute. He was out of control and took the rap. The
man was disowned, but the anti-Red campaign continued. McCarthyism without
McCarthy.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Trump’s attacks on Khizr and Ghazala Khan in response the
DNC speech of the father of a soldier son killed in action in Iraq, and
subsequently on the son’s mother as silenced by the father’s Islamic beliefs,
has led to outrage in general and among some Republicans as well. But although
many Republican leaders have criticised Trump they have largely refused to
repudiate him as their party’s candidate.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Trump’s defence against Khan’s accusation that he the GOP’s
nominee had sacrificed nothing for his country – he’s created thousands of jobs
– rang hollow. Khan called for him to step down from the election race, as
unfit to lead America, followed by President Obama’s own invitation to the GOP
to jettison Trump as their candidate.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Trump’s retaliatory attack on the Khans follows disrespect
for the Vietnam war record of Senator John McCain, who’d spent several years as
a prisoner of war. And his subsequent trivialisation of a purple heart from an
admiring veteran of the Iraq war. But, McCain has yet to reject Trump in an
election year and a tight race to retain his own Arizona senate seat.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As polls show Trump’s slump behind a 10-11% lead for Hillary
Clinton, and a concerted attack from the Right from the Veterans of Foreign
Wars and American Legion, anti-Trump forces are renewed; Clinton and Republican
senators and representatives are now more openly challenging Trump’s stance on
Putin’s aggression in the Ukraine, assertiveness in Syria; there are murmurs
about the GOP’s rules on replacing their duly elected nominee. Adding fuel to
fire, Trump alienated even more Republicans by initially failing to endorse the
candidacies of Republican senators and GOP leaders Paul Ryan and Mitch
McConnell although his VP running mate, Mike Pence, publicly voiced his support
for the leaders. It’s all looking like a shambles of their own making.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Reinforcing their usual political allies, Republican donors from
corporate America are pulling the plug on the Trump campaign – the billionaire
Koch brothers remain unconvinced that Trump can be tamed by the GOP or Pence,
and are refusing to donate their fortunes to Trump’s faltering bid for the
presidency. Meg Whitman of Hewlett Packard and many others have been recruited
by the Clinton campaign to both denounce Trump and back Hillary, adding another
GOP donor’s scalp to their tally, having already reeled in Michael Bloomberg. Republicans
like former Reagan-Bush appointee, Frank Lavin, are reassured by the
conservatism of the Democratic National Convention and Clinton’s selection of
Senator Tim Kaine as running mate. Commented Lavin: “I have an increasing
comfort level with Hillary Clinton…. She’s not going to be bossed around by the
Bernie Sanders wing of the party.” A Republicans for Hillary Group appears
imminent, pulling together existing smaller initiatives.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Yet, figures for June and July indicate a major surge in
small donations to Trump’s campaign. His grass-roots’ support among America’s
economically-disenfranchised, looked-down-upon<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>nationalist and ethno-centric element of the white working class seems
to be holding; but even they might not like Trump’s disrespect for military
service. Rural southern whites join the US military in droves. But, as so
powerfully explained in J.D. Vance’s book, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hillbilly
Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis</i>, Trump is the only
candidate to speak their language and of their desperate plight.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The GOP donors’ and Democrats’ pincer movement appears to be
gaining momentum with dire implications for the Trump campaign but also for the
proclaimed radicalism of the Democrats (“the most radical platform in the
history of the party”), trying to hold on to millions of Bernie Sanders’s
voters. Trump’s anti-establishment credentials remain intact, while his
political credibility is increasingly tattered among sceptical Republicans.
Clinton’s base in the establishment, despite numerous anti-corporate passages
in the party’s manifesto – now more apparently a sop to the powerful but
defanged Sanders movement – seems stronger than ever.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The centre-ground, ever the preserve of the self-declared
‘moderate’ establishment, appears to be holding, but skewed heavily to the
Right, defying both the Sanders revolution and Trump’s attack on elite power
and its global over-reach. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Inderjeet Parmar is professor of international politics at
City, University of London</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
He tweets from @USEmpire</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /> </div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-70955013908860869642016-08-05T22:55:00.004-07:002016-08-05T22:55:46.109-07:00The Democrats’ Leaked Emails Pseudo-drama: elite hollowness and return to politics as usual<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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The Democratic National Committee’s leaked emails preudo-drama
reveals far more than the real story at the heart of the matter – that apparently
neutral DNC discussed means to sabotage the Bernie Sanders primary election
campaign. It thereby violated its claims to political neutrality between rival
candidates and favoured Hillary Clinton, a party establishment darling.
Diverting attention from the substance of the charge of political bias, the DNC
first gently and politely nudged out its chair, Debbie Wasserman Shultz <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(to a very comfortable honorary position), and
then blamed the Russians for hacking party email servers in a bid to benefit
Putin’s (apparently) preferred candidate, Donald Trump. Trump, rising to the
elite politics game, added his own flavours to the mix and attributed a racial
slur to Putin against President Obama, and egged the Russians to continue
leaking more emails. In the age of post-truth politics, no evidence was
required for these claims but their job was done – eyes were on Russia, Trump,
etc and not on the DNC’s wrong-doing. </div>
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While deflecting attention from the original issue, the
episode also demonstrates why the United States is in political crisis today
and will remain so for some time to come. While large swathes of the electorate
scream from the pain of trying to make ends meet as real incomes fall and
inequality rises, health care costs increase, police violence against black men
reaches epidemic proportions, America’s infrastructure crumbles, and people look
to leaders who apparently offer ways out of the crisis, the American political
class has gone back to business as usual. They take or admit no responsibility
for the Iraq War or the financial meltdown of 2008, fail to mention the debacle
in Afghanistan, the massive increase of the power of Wall St corporations in
economic and political life. America’s problems today, it appears, have nothing
to do with the Republicans or Democrats. </div>
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This political amnesia is far more likely to damage the
Democrats than the GOP’s Donald Trump – the only candidate reflecting popular
anger against elite power; indeed it plays into his hands and boosts his
chances of winning the White House – unless, of course, he self-ignites
following one of his red-line crossing gaffes. This election was billed as
Hillary Clinton’s to lose – and she and her celebratory coterie, backed by big
money, appear to be heading into a very rough election season up to November.
It may be that Trump fails to win rather than Hillary defeats a candidate
President Obama has declared unfit for office.</div>
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Both parties’ conventions provide an insight into the crisis
of elite party politics today and the more significant conclusion that neither
party offers very much to their target voters. The GOP spent their convention
papering over the cracks in their party’s fabric and raison d’etre, attacking
the record of the Obama administration, and promising to make America great
again and give it back to its own people, code for the anti-minorities
xenophobia that galvanises an alliance between loyal Republicans and Trump’s
white working class core support. The latter have been regaled with tales of
jobs for all by abolishing free trade, and bashing the Chinese. But no support
for increasing the federal minimum wage or investment in crumbling roads and
bridges or schools has been offered. All the while, Trump built bridges to
party elites with his selection of Governor Mike Pence as vice presidential
running mate – a dyed-in-the-wool
tax-cuts-for-the-rich-and-corporations-conservative from the tea party wing of
the GOP. Trump’s mission to restore America has no place for any redistribution
of income and wealth which is what a majority of Americans and large
proportions of Republican voters actually want. The only threat to GOP elites
backing Trump is from the billionaire candidates own penchant for outrageous
bigotry. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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And the Democrats, convened in Philadelphia, and let off the
hook by Bernie Sanders’s full throated backing of Hillary Clinton, and pretended
the Sanders insurgency never happened even as Michelle Obama, President Obama
and nominee Clinton praised Bernie and started a major celebration of America’s
continuing greatness and of its status quo. This left them with one place to go
in focusing attention: Donald Trump. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Trump is not only at the centre of his own
campaign, he is also the Democrats’ sole target. No vision backed by specific
policies and programmes to curb the power of Wall St and big money in politics,
no job creation or infrastructure-building. To be sure, the Democratic platform
bears witness to the compromise with Sanders – on college tuition fees, health
care, federal minimum wage. But on the major question of the neoliberal order’s
attachment to globalisation and outsourcing of factory jobs, and the power of
big money in economy and politics, including bankrolling Hillary Clinton for
decades, and the gross levels of inequality that process has generated, there
is silence. Just more talk about how bad Trump is. Meanwhile Blackwater, one of
the world’s largest private equity funds, whose CEO sits on the board of the
Clinton-Obama think tank, the Center for American Progress, has held
fundraisers for Obama and Clinton, and who some tip as a future treasury
secretary, held a major reception in Philadelphia. And Hillary has received up
to $123 million from such Wall St denizens in contrast to a paltry $19000 (yes,
that’s $19K) donated to the Trump campaign. (Sanders received $0 from
corporations). Hillary has personally earned over $20 million from closed-door
speeches at Wall St firms. That’s why Clinton cannot even understand where
critics of corporate-cash-dominated politics are coming from – to her, this is
how normal politics works. Any plank of the Democrats’ platform needs to be
read in this context.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It is unsurprising that last week’s great celebration of the
glorious Obama years – also funded by major Wall St donors - failed to address
any deep-seated problems of American society; yet it plays directly into
Trump’s hands and threatens a smooth transfer of power from Obama to Clinton.
It permits two things: Trump appears as the change candidate, and he can turn
his guns onto Hillary Clinton in a race to the bottom on who’s part of the
establishment, closer to the people or Wall St, the more dishonest and corrupt.
And Trump is a lot better at playing that game than Clinton. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To Pulitzer prize-winning journalist Glenn Greenwald, what’s
most disturbing about the Brexit and Trump debates “is that there is zero elite
reckoning with their own responsibility in creating the situation that led to
both Brexit and Trump and then the broader collapse of elite authority.” Trump
resonates, Greenwald commented, not due to popular stupidity but because people
feel cheated and let down by “the prevailing order…. that they can’t imagine
that anything is worse than preservation of the status quo.” People are so
angry with the way things are that they simply want out of the current position,
to throw out the existing elite, regardless of the consequences. This
anti-politics is precisely the core appeal of Trumpism, a phenomenon set to
outlive its eponymous hero.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Trump and Sanders campaigns rode the deep discontents of
a nation all the way to Cleveland and Philadelphia, despite sabotage attempts
from party elites. The Sanders campaign has thrown in the towel and focuses on
Clinton versus Trump, forgetting the structural inequality that propelled
voters into its camp. Trump is in the process of betraying his core
constituency, enjoying the fun and games of elite party politics. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Business as usual, normalcy, has been restored – or, has it merely
been stored up for a future explosion?</div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-71381304218028630302016-07-31T07:01:00.002-07:002016-07-31T07:01:12.922-07:00Trump and Sanders Absorbed by Establishment Agendas<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Both Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders ran insurgent primary
campaigns directed against their respective party elites and gained a following
of millions, shaking the Democratic and Republican establishments and
threatening the dominant neo-liberal order at home and challenging America’s
global role. But, despite Trump’s nomination as the GOP’s presidential candidate
and Sanders’s victories in 22 states, it is increasingly clear that party
elites are slowly winning back the initiative, using their enormous resources
to manage and incorporate the challengers into politics as usual. The results
are not identical in each party because the Right has greater salience in the
GOP than does the Left in the Democratic party. Trump, therefore, has far more
room for manoeuvre and can maintain more of his racialized style within the
Right, boosted by the fundamental fact that he won the nomination without
serious opposition. Sanders, on the other hand, lost, despite frightening
Democratic leaders and is now actively backing Hillary Clinton as the
progressive candidate America needs.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Yet, this process of selective incorporation and
marginalisation is fraught with problems for party elites and the American
electorate that has shown its deep disdain for the main political parties’
programmes, records and styles in the wake of the disastrous Iraq War and
especially the relentless rise of income, wealth and power inequalities since
the financial meltdown in Wall Street in 2008. A large part of Trump’s appeal
echoes that of Bernie Sanders’s – of voiceless millions for whom the American
dream is pure chimera.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Trump’s choice of conservative Mike Pence and Hillary
Clinton’s of conservative Democrat Tim Kaine is a signal that the insurgencies
are being defanged. Party elites may believe that they’ve successfully absorbed
discontent through means both fair and foul; but the greater danger to the body
politic and for America’s global role is for party elites to close their eyes
to the massive undercurrents of political and economic discontent that the
primaries and conventions have exposed. As Thomas Jefferson noted, a little
rebellion from below is significant precisely because it provides a
health-check of the political system, opening the way to reform. Ignoring the
politics of mass discontent and returning to normalcy may merely store up an
even greater explosion – of either Right, Left or both – in 2020 and beyond,
crippling American politics and hamstringing its global power.</div>
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<br /></div>
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For Donald Trump to prove his seriousness as a presidential candidate
and have any chance of governing the nation should he prove victorious has
already forced him to compromise. His selection of Governor Mike Pence – a hard
core Tea Party conservative close to the billionaire conservative Koch brothers,
who have rejected Trump’s divisive anti-conservatism– is a major sop to party
elites, contradicting the anti-conservative political base that Trump’s
campaign championed. Mike Pence has alienated the LGBT community, organised
labour, and backs lower taxes on the rich and corporations. Since his selection
as running mate, he’s also backed Trump’s call to ban entry to Muslims from
countries facing terror attacks. Trump’s recent declaration that his
administration would reinstate the Glass-Steagall Act is not just an anti-Bill
Clinton tactic but also an attempt to shore up his white working class
political base and the pent up anger at Wall Street financiers. And party
elites have moved reluctantly to accept Trump’s rhetoric and style with a view
to be perceived as beyond reproach when or if the billionaire loses the
election in November 2016.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Sanders’s incorporation is in fact the greater story of
2016. His role appears to be to bring into the Democratic fold an enthusiastic
young electorate and other liberals, disappointed with President Obama’s
refusal to challenge the powers that be, despite promises, and eager to change
the politics of neoliberal order and challenge the militaristic role of the US
in world politics. Yet, Sanders’s defeat was nowhere near total – hence his
ability to win elements of his programme onto Clinton’s platform – on college
tuition fees, a public option in healthcare reform, the future role of super
delegates, a $15-an-hour federal minimum wage, a new unity commission on party
democracy, and so on. Yet, he made only a minor, and probably temporary
impression, on Clinton’s robust support for the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a
key element of Sanders’s campaign. But (Wiki) leaked emails showing the
Machiavellian manoeuvring of the DNC’s leader, Debbie Wasserman Schultz, including
trying to tap into Southern Baptists’ perceived anti-Semitism, against Sanders
have led to her resignation, opening the way to further intra-party change. Claiming,
with Clinton, that the party has the most progressive platform in its history, Sanders
appears to be rowing back from calling for a new independent progressive party
of the left. Even more than that, Sanders has acted as a cheer-leader for
Hillary Clinton and made strenuous efforts to dampen the protests of the very
people he mobilised in his campaign.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Bernie Sanders’s anti-Trump stance has helped Clinton promote
herself as the last best hope for America, or the least worst. Yet, despite the
strength of anti-party elite feeling during Sanders’s primary victories in 22
states, and millions of votes for an overtly ‘socialist’ programme, Hillary
Clinton’s choice of Tim Kaine as her vice presidential running mate is a major
blow to the insurgents. Kaine is a conservative Democrat, hawkish on the issues
of Ukraine, Syria, Iraq, and Islamic State, for full blown free trade that’s
devastated working class communities and contributed to increasing inequality,
and demands a soft line with Wall Street banks and money power, elements of
which got him elected as Virginia’s senator in 2012, against a hard core tea
party Republican. </div>
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<br /></div>
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In what has been a celebration of the last 8 years of
Democratic control of the White House, Hillary Clinton has chosen to defy the
millions who voted for Sanders and taken the strategy of winning the centre
ground, gambling on anti-Trump feeling to draw Sanders’s supporters into her
camp – they have nowhere else to go - by November. Rather than offering a
vision to America or a new grand bargain to reduce the power of finance and of
America’s global military deployments, Clinton has cautiously moved to court
‘moderate’ Republicans uncomfortable with the overtly racist and alienating
character of Trump’s rhetoric and political base. She has chosen to ride two
horses – declaring the party platform as the most progressive in its history
while also suggesting she’s a safe pair of hands. Trump is now the more radical-sounding
candidate in the 2016 general election even as he moves closer to GOP elites
and Wall Street in search of desperately-needed election campaign funding.</div>
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<br /></div>
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By November 2016, America may face a choice between a
programme of caution and the domestic and global status quo, and an
anti-politics right winger claiming to speak for ordinary people while dividing
them. Americans will choose from the lesser of two evils rather than a positive
vision of economic renewal, popular empowerment, reduction of the power of big
money, and a realistic approach to a changing global order. </div>
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<br /></div>
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The crisis of America’s elites is set to continue because
they appear to have failed to account for the political earthquakes of 2016.</div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-68825890417659039792016-07-25T03:13:00.001-07:002016-07-25T03:13:13.049-07:00Whither the Trump Insurgency? Where it came from and where it’s headed<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #262626; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #262626; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The American political system remains a mystery to most
outsiders and, well, most Americans too. It’s perhaps not quite the Soviet
Union which Winston Churchill called “</span>a riddle wrapped in a mystery
inside an enigma”, but o<span style="color: #262626; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ne question that’s still common, even in the midst of the
Republican party convention’s endorsement of Donald Trump, is how to explain
where Trump’s popularity suddenly came from and, equally, where it might be headed.
Wherever that may be, Trump appears to leave chaos, anger, and division in his
wake. That might be his legacy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #262626; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C.D Jackson, President Dwight Eisenhower’s special assistant for
psychological warfare, and former publisher of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fortune</i> magazine, during the height of McCarthyism, noted that the American
political system threw up characters like Joseph McCarthy, much to the
bewilderment of America’s allies who feared for their alliance with so erratic
a superpower. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #262626; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“We are bound to get this kind of supercharged emotional freak
from time to time,” Jackson commented. When a senator goes on the rampage, he
opined, there is no party discipline to stop him. “Whether McCarthy dies by an
assassin’s bullet or is eliminated in the normal American way of getting rid of
boils on the body politic… by our next meeting he will be gone from the
American scene.” He was reassuring European political and business elites at a Bilderberg
conference at McCarthyism’s height that American power was safe for the world
and could manage such “supercharged emotional freaks”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #262626; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The key issue is whether Donald Trump represents a tendency that
will crash and burn or leave a longer term imprint on America’s political
future. There is a deep anti-establishment strain in American history open to
exploitation for personal ends at times of crisis. The political opportunism that
harnesses that anti-elitist populism may be worked from the Left or Right but
it should not be dismissed: there is something very deep at the root of the
phenomenon which real leaders and politics must, ultimately, reckon with. What
makes demagogues so effective is that they identify and work to crystallise and
harness a widespread sense of something being wrong with the ‘system’ – a rigged
system run by and for fat-cats and high ups at the expense of ordinary
hard-working Americans. And at least some of those demagogue-led movements have
left an indelible mark on American political life, for better or worse. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #262626; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Joe McCarthy’s apprentice? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #262626; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Donald Trump’s rhetoric about enemies at the gates, or within
the fortress itself – Mexicans, Muslims – echoes McCarthyite exaggerations of
the influence of communists in all walks of American life, including among the
pin-striped elite at the State Department. Communists, like minorities etc…, it
was claimed, were eating away at America, ‘taking over the country’ and
subverting its values. Yet, there was a lot more to McCarthyism than opposition
to ‘communism’ per se – it was also, more specifically, a Republican movement aimed
at extirpating the programmes of the New Deal – a programme of massive state
intervention due to the 1930s depression – and the increased power of organised
labour and the left more generally. Communism was the rhetorical enemy – the effective
political enemy was left-liberalism which, by the late 1940s, also embraced the
civil rights agenda – racial equality.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #262626; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Trump’s taken McCarthyism and its techniques to a new level. Not
only is Trump a more effective orator than McCarthy, he is also a master of modern
media manipulation methods, part of which he owes to his years of hosting The
Apprentice. In addition to his short attention span, and off-hand outbursts
that seem to divert right-wing media, he also owes a debt of gratitude to
McCarthy’s political aide, the late Roy Cohn, a brusque New York City lawyer.
According to Cohn’s lover, Trump was Cohn’s apprentice: </span>“I hear Roy in
the things he says quite clearly,” said Peter Fraser: “That bravado, and if you
say it aggressively and loudly enough, it’s the truth — that’s the way Roy used
to operate to a degree, and Donald was certainly his apprentice.” Cohn also
taught Trump how to keep himself in the media’s gaze by constantly making
headlines with exaggerated claims and refusing publicly to back down. And, like
McCarthy, Trump argues that the enemies of the American people reside at the
very pinnacle of power – in the person of President Obama, the ultimate liberal,
minority un-American.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A Barry Goldwater ‘Extremist’?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Unlike McCarthy, who soared in the US Senate for a few years
but plummeted once he attacked the integrity of the American military, and
brought anti-communism into disrepute, Trump is the Republican nominee for
president. In that regard, perhaps a better comparison might be Barry
Goldwater? A right-wing conservative, Goldwater, who opposed civil rights
legislation, went down to spectacular defeat to Lyndon Baines Johnson in 1964 –
with the latter winning 61% of the votes and 486 electoral college votes (of a
possible 538). He also divided opinion in the GOP establishment. Republican
‘moderate’ Nelson Rockefeller, like Ted Cruz with Donald Trump, refused to
endorse the nomination of Goldwater.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Current opinion polls – for what they’re worth - suggest
Donald Trump losing to Hillary Clinton in November 2016. But as conservative
commentator George Will put it, “Barry Goldwater lost 44 states but won the
future”. Within a few years, the Goldwater brand of conservatism became the
battering ram that put an end to the liberal New Deal era and inspired
Reaganomics as well as the politics of the George W. Bush administrations. And
Goldwater championed a form of straight talk that Trump practices: “I think a
guy running for office who says exactly what he really thinks would astound a
hell of a lot of people around the country.” And Goldwater uttered the lines
that ultimately condemned him as too dangerous to be in control of America’s
nuclear weapons: “I would remind you that extremism in the defense of liberty
is no vice! And let me remind you also that moderation in the pursuit of
justice is no virtue!” The extremist label stuck and brought down Goldwater in
1964 but future Republicans crafted a new politics as a result of lessons
learned. Trump’s convention speech suggested extremism in the defence of US
interests is acceptable.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And therein lies a key lesson: Goldwater won five southern
states on a conservative platform attacking racial equality that led to the
development of a winning ‘southern strategy’ under Richard Nixon. Despite
likely defeat in November 2016, could Trump’s xenophobic rhetoric, male
chauvinism and appeal to sections of a disenfranchised white working class
provide a model for a future Republican ascendancy?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A George Wallace-Style One Man Wall?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Donald Trump employs a mixture of McCarthyite smears,
Goldwater’s straight-talk, and pro-segregationist George Wallace-style
xenophobia. Wallace ran as an independent presidential candidate in 1968. A
firm believer in racial segregation and law and order, Wallace’s America First foreign
policy has echoes in Trump’s rhetoric: Wallace promised to take US troops out
of Vietnam if the war was unwinnable within 90 days of his taking office. He also
declared foreign-aid money “poured down a rat hole” and demanded that European
and Asian allies pay more for their own defence. At home, he stood as a one-man
wall, barring the doors of the University of Alabama to black students: <span class="tgc">"<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">segregation</span> now,
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">segregation</span> tomorrow, <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">segregation</span> forever," was his
rallying cry.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Trump: Doing a Deal with Party Elites?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Unlike some other maverick candidates, however, Trump, who’s
secured the Republican nomination for the presidency, appears willing to build
bridges to party elites, and the feeling is broadly (though not exclusively)
mutual. Indiana Governor Mike Pence, Trump’s choice of vice presidential
running mate signals the way back into the good books of GOP elites. “Someone
respected by the establishment and liked by the establishment would be good for
unification,” Trump commented. “I do like unification of the Republican Party,”
despite a campaign of vilification of practically everything for which party
elites stand for. Pence tried to illegally ban Syrian refugees from settling in
Indiana, is a staunch defender of the pro-gun lobby, voted against healthcare
reform, supported tax cuts to the wealthy and large corporations, capped the
minimum wage for the low paid, is an enthusiastic union buster. In short, he’s
a darling of the Republican elite, a label Trump now desires for himself. But
GOP grandees like the Bushes have refused to attend the convention, while
several delegations refused to endorse Trump’s nomination.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The danger for Trump is that he’s got to where he is by
defying party leaders, and rejecting the conservative model associated with
smaller government and lower taxes: something that his white working class base
roundly rejected in the primaries. Pence is a tea partier, hardcore social
conservative who’s religious freedom bill would have permitted bosses from
refusing employment to gays. The ‘rigged system’ that Trump has railed against
has just worked its magic and lured the maverick into the GOP’s embrace. Trump
desires power more than he cares for the views of the voters who propelled him
to presumptive nominee. He’s doing a deal. The betrayal of his political base
has already begun, whatever he may say about reinstating the Glass-Steagall Act
to split investment from savings’ banks.<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
Newt Gingrich, arch-conservative former speaker of the House of
Representatives, suggests that Trump is unique in the annals of American
politics. “Donald Trump has been in politics now for slightly over 12 months.
It’s unbelievable.” That may be true b<span style="color: #262626;">ut, like George
Wallace, Trump’s popularity seems to be the spasm of a dying movement and
demographic, the death throes of a racial system that has an uncertain future.
The demographics of America, heading towards a white minority nation, and of
the ‘racial’ re-distribution of world power, condemns Trump, and Trumpism, to a
slow but lingering death. But it can still exert real influence as the passion,
alienation, inequality, and revenge that fuels it is unlikely fully to be
extinguished. </span><br />
<span style="color: #262626;">It is not another boil that can be removed from the
American body politic but the remnants of a racialized white identity politics
driven by the deeply felt loss of “their” country. It may never be more than an
angry and vociferous minority but it will remain a force in the political
fabric of American politics and, possibly, the basis of a new political
organisation of the white radical right. Even more dangerous is the prospect of
this newly-empowered faction’s permanent installation in the upper echelons of
the Republican Party.</span><br />
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USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-56204832966185239202016-07-19T01:17:00.001-07:002016-07-19T01:17:21.422-07:00“UK foreign policy since 1940 is as much to blame for Iraq as Blair”<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></i><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The Chilcot report
on the Iraq War has rightly criticised former UK prime minister Tony Blair for
misrepresentations on a consistent basis. Blair exaggerated threat levels of
non-existent Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD), backed the United States’
war plans regardless of diplomatic initiatives seeking peaceful outcomes, and
improperly equipped British troops once the occupation began. This has led to the
denunciation of the war as neo-colonial by Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, and
renewed calls for Blair to be charged with war crimes or crimes against peace
by others. </span>
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<span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">While Tony Blair
was pivotal in British decisionmaking that led to aggression against Iraq in
March, 2003, he was hardly alone in promoting close alliance with the United
States and the case for outright military intervention for regime change. Not
only did the then Tory opposition support war on Iraq, Conservative leader
David Cameron endorsed violent regime change. Indeed, apart from Robin Cook,
who resigned as Leader of the House of Commons in opposition to the ‘false
prospectus’ on which the Labour Government pinned its strategy, support for the
war was strong throughout the political and state elite – military,
intelligence, and other. And Iraq was hardly the first time that Britain had
hitched its war machine to the United States. </span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Indeed, if we place
Iraq in the sweep of post-1945 history, and in the context of a powerful
British foreign policy establishment that sprang from the imperial era and
became allied with US power elites after 1940, Blair appears as another example
of Conservative and Labour leaders’ attempts to hang on to global influence
through a one-sided ‘special relationship’ with the United States. Far from
being exceptional, as Chilcot claims, the Iraq War stands in a long line of
Anglo-American imperial violence in the global south in increasingly desperate
bids to maintain Western supremacy. We need only to think of the Korean War,
Vietnam (in which Labour leader Harold Wilson provided diplomatic and other
support to the US), the first Gulf War, and support for repressive regimes the
world over, including the overthrow of Colonel Gaddafi and ensuing chaos in
Libya since 2011, to see that the Iraq war and Tony Blair are part of a broader
pattern of Anglo-American military violence. Focusing on Blair alone obscures
the bigger picture and makes impossible, by venting against one man alone, a
truly illuminating understanding of British foreign policy. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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"<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The UK's
commitment of resources - financial, military, diplomatic - in support of US
global priorities remains unparalleled</span>", according to a (Wiki) leaked
US state department cable. Britain, it went on, is able and willing to fight
wars in faraway lands alongside the United States and mobilising allies. This
makes Britain almost indispensable to the US. To former Conservative foreign
secretary William Hague, America was the "essential" nation to which Britain
turned. The Anglo-Saxon powers had broadly shared interests in the global order
which, after all, they had constructed during and after the Second World War –
Bretton Woods, United Nations, IMF, World Bank, Marshall Plan, NATO, among
others. While these arrangements suited the West, global poverty in the ‘Third
World’ continued apace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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World War II. According to Cabinet papers, the key decisions were made in 1944
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the empire “will be regarded by the Americans as a Declaration of War…” at a
time when the empire itself was disintegrating and its parts leaning towards
the USA. And the USA would “certainly make economic war upon us. So much has
been made clear to us. And the armoury of the United States is a very powerful
one.” Britain signed up to the US-dominated Bretton Woods system because it
seemed the best means to preserve its global influence as its imperial power
waned. </div>
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This is why ‘socialist’ Labour leader Clement Attlee sent to
Korea thousands of British servicemen despite the military chiefs of staff
indicating that Korea was of little economic or strategic value to British
interests. The war – waged under the banner of the fledgling United Nations –
lasted three years and led to over 3 million Korean and Chinese deaths, tens of
thousands of American and British fatalities. It ended in stalemate – a
cease-fire remains in place today dividing the north from south. Using the
precise words used by Tony Blair in 2003, Attlee announced that Britain would
stand “shoulder to shoulder,” with the US; wherever the Stars and Stripes flew,
the Union Jack would be alongside it. </div>
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Two imperial powers – one in denial about its decline, the
other hubristic, inexperienced imperial masters of the universe – trying to
order the world to maintain a ‘liberal order’ through unrestrained violence –
featuring napalm and relentless aerial bombing of a rural country with
rudimentary weapons – teaching the communists a lesson, and repeating the same
thing in Vietnam a few short years later. </div>
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Decades later, not much had changed. Concluding his
unofficial enquiry into the first Gulf War, former US attorney general, Ramsay
Clark, declared the Anglo-American bombing campaign as “the most sophisticated
and violent air assault in history against a virtually defenceless people.” </div>
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Chilcot’s narrowness of vision is probably understandable –
one could hardly expect it to look at a broader pattern of history or the place
of Iraq in the world order after the collapse of the Soviet Union. But on that
basis to declare the Iraq war exceptional and therefore no source of lessons
for the future, and for the media to focus so intently on the person of Tony
Blair, pivotal though he was, is a major flaw both practically and for our
understanding of the dynamics of Anglo-American power. It renders Iraq unique,
and places blame on one man, when it is plain to see that Blair’s behaviour
fits a long historical pattern within an imperial world view that continues to
saturate the British foreign policy establishment.</div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-42507975953594937082016-07-11T00:58:00.003-07:002016-07-11T00:58:36.449-07:00Britain’s Brexit Vote – One Kingdom, Divisible and Decayed<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Britain’s Brexit Vote – One Kingdom, Divisible and Decayed</div>
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A version of this article was published in The Wire, 11 July 2016: http://thewire.in/50528/one-kingdom-divisible-and-decayed/ </div>
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Britain’s narrow vote to ‘Brexit’ – leave the European Union
(EU) – has sent shock waves through the country, Europe and the wider world,
except among some of the most right wing leaders such as Donald Trump and
France’s fascist leader, Marine Le Pen. It signals continuing fragmentation and
disunity at home as well as the general unravelling of the European project
inaugurated by the Marshall Plan in 1948, a key building block of the US-led
international order after the bloodbath of two world wars within a generation.
There is a political legitimacy crisis deep in the heart of liberal democracies
– such as the United States and Britain – manifest as a revolt against
established political elites and big business. The political right in Britain,
however, has mobilised, harnessed – and pandered to - better than any other
force the anger, disappointment and alienation from the status quo that the EU
referendum has brought to the surface, encouraging some of the most xenophobic
elements of British society who reject “immigrants” and “refugees” as taking
jobs, homes, and school places. The killing by a right-wing extremist of the
pro-Remain (in the EU) Labour MP, Jo Cox, was the most extreme symptom of a rise
of the right that now constitutes a threat to the national body politic. Racist attacks in general have increased in the wake of the Brexit votes.</div>
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The EU referendum was Prime Minister Cameron’s way of
resolving the split in the Conservative Party, and heading off the challenge of
the UK Independence Party, by making it a national and European question, and
has had disastrous consequences. Brexit has consumed Cameron’s leadership
because he spear-headed the defeated Remain campaign – he will leave office by
the autumn; has severely dented the leadership of Labour’s Jeremy Corbyn as
almost a third of Labour voters supported Brexit, and given another excuse for
the Blairite majority in parliament to challenge his leadership; laid low the
leadership hopes of Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne; tarnished the
reputations of pro-Leave leaders Michael Gove and Boris Johnson, bringing to a
grinding halt Johnson’s prime ministerial ambitions. Johnson famously attacked
President Obama’s intervention in the EU referendum campaign by suggesting that
the American leader was ‘half Kenyan’ with a grudge against British
colonialism, echoing Donald Trump. The only party leader who’s come out more
credible, but has now resigned due to his mission being accomplished, is UK Independence
Party head Nigel Farage who promoted a poster falsely depicting a line of
Syrian refugees clamouring to get into Britain. UKIP, as much as the
Johnson-Gove Leave campaign, conflated and crystallised the threat posed by the
outsider, the immigrant, the refugee, with the suspected suicide bomber
dispatched by Islamic State to destroy British freedom and security. But there
will be no end to the migration or refugee crisis with a Brexit.</div>
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Brexit cuts off Britain from the European Union but also
divides the ‘United’ Kingdom - pro-Remain London, Scotland, and Northern
Ireland from pro-Leave England and Wales. It threatens to inaugurate another
referendum on Scottish independence and undermines improved economic and
political relations with the lowering of the border between the Republic of
Ireland and Northern Ireland. English nationalism is rising even as the country
fragments and cosmopolitan London becomes isolated from its national hinterland
and looks to Europe and the wider world. And it has encouraged the right in
Europe to demand referenda on EU membership across the continent. The forces of
European right wing nationalism and chauvinism are on the march again while
European elites try to manage Britain’s shock exit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Britain needs a fresh constitutional
convention and a written constitution for a federal UK to go forward into the
twenty-first century. But given the debased character of its political elite –
fully displayed for the world to see – anything of this sort is unlikely. </div>
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For all the identity politics that marred the referendum
campaign, there is a hidden politics of growing class inequality and a race to
the bottom. The immigrant, as ever, is accused of taking working class jobs and
homes, working for less pay, undercutting British workers. Poorly paid British workers
with falling living standards and declining public services – largely the
result of the corporate colonisation of the British state since the Thatcherite
1980s and the Blairite ‘third way’ – were set against relatively low paid EU
migrants taking scarce hospital beds and welfare benefits while corporate
elites amass ever greater shares of national income and wealth, bleeding into
corridors of political power. Owen Jones’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Establishment – and How They Get Away With It</i> – sums it up: “Behind our
democracy lurks a powerful but unaccountable network of people who wield
massive power and reap huge profits in the process...” Exposing the revolving
doors that link these worlds, and the vested interests that bind them together,
Jones shows how elites represent the biggest threat to democracy while wrapping
themselves up in the emblems of freedom and people power.</div>
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Under the guise of identity politics, the prevention of a
change in the fabric of British culture and values, and the promise of more
funds for public services once the Brussels drain is removed, there is in
preparation an even more draconian offensive against workers’ rights protected
by the EU. There has been an unseemly retreat from the promise – plastered all over
the Leave campaign bus - to channel to the National Health Service the weekly
£350 million pounds allegedly flowing from London to Brussels. </div>
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Divide and rule did not only (try to) hold together an
empire on which the sun never set – it remains the basis of national politics
in Britain’s class divided society. And in such societies, election promises
are like pie crusts – made to be broken. The EU referendum, rather than making
Britain great again or taking our country back to some mythical golden age, has
exposed a shallow and decaying elite political culture at the heart of what
once was a mighty empire where post-truth politics rules, and sowing division
and promoting and exploiting fear represent normal politics. </div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-70110122207907908402016-07-03T06:48:00.000-07:002016-07-03T06:48:06.714-07:00Blairite Coup Against Corbyn Exposed<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Supporters of Jeremy Corbyn's leadership are under pressure but nowhere near the levels of strain to which he's been subject since last September when he won the leader role with 60% support of Labour members and started building a new party to fight the neoliberal pro-austerity establishemnt within and beyond the Labour Party.</div>
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Keep an open mind on Corbyn – see this
link for how well organised is the New Labour destabilisation of Corbyn: <a href="http://www.thecanary.co/2016/06/30/pr-company-manufactured-labour-coup-part-i/">http://www.thecanary.co/2016/06/30/pr-company-manufactured-labour-coup-part-i/</a></div>
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Corbyn has shown great courage since his
election by 60% of Labour members last September. I don’t know of any political
leader in the western world who’s had to endure such systematic opposition from
all parts of the established order including from the Blairites in his own party.
This is normally the sort of thing western states do to the likes of Allende
etc in Chile. Corbyn’s the only leader offering a viable programme against
the established orthodoxy – economic or other, including a politics of truth as
opposed to outright lies, and principles rather than one based on personal
attacks. </div>
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And that’s why he has received full frontal attacks from all sides.
Look at the farce over anti-semitism in the Labour Party and the report
exonerating him and the party, and how the BBC etc twisted it around to elide
consideration of the report’s contents and the speech Corbyn made at the launch
– which showed up the racist divide and rule politics of the powerful, inherited from the imperial era, and
called for working people’s unity behind a principled politics that protects
rights and empowers ordinary people, a lot of whom voted for Leave not through racism but because they have borne the brunt of Thatcherism and the 2008 crisis
with no respite in sight. </div>
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Noam Chomsky writes in his work on mind control in western
societies of consent is manufactured by various means including “flak from the Right”. The idea is for organised elites to throw as much mud as often
as possible such that even supporters of a party or leader who offers any
radical alternative begin to soften and turn away – no smoke without fire etc… and dress it up to appear to be a popular revolt against bad ideas, leadership, etc...</div>
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This is precisely what’s happening to Jeremy Corbyn under
our very eyes and needs to be seen for what it is – an attempted coup against a
democratically elected leader who dares to challenge the establishment and
represent real people’s interests.</div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-83502485868693972202016-07-01T02:20:00.002-07:002016-07-01T02:20:22.555-07:00Corbyn's brilliant speech at Chakrabarti Report<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="http://press.labour.org.uk/post/146699060664/jeremy-corbyn-speech-at-the-launch-of-the"><span style="color: blue;">Jeremy Corbyn speech at the launch of the Chakrabarti
report</span></a></span></b></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Jeremy Corbyn, Leader of the Labour Party, </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">said today at the launch of the
Chakrabarti report, said:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“The Labour Party is built on the values of
solidarity, social justice, equality, internationalism and human rights. That
is why I have devoted my life to it, and why nine months ago, I was honoured to
be elected leader by over a quarter of a million people. That is, by the way,
substantially more than the entire electorate that will have the right to pick
the Conservative Prime Minister this Autumn. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“After the tumultuous events of the past week in
Britain, including the vote in last week’s referendum to leave the European
Union, the need for us to unite around these values, to practice what we
preach, and be judged by the highest of standards, is perhaps as great as it
has ever been. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“So although I asked Shami Chakrabarti to carry out
her inquiry after some disturbing and damaging incidents earlier this year, I
believe that its findings and recommendations are of even more importance for
our party, country and wider world today. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Whatever your views on the outcome of the
referendum campaign – and two thirds of Labour supporters voted Remain – we
need to reflect for a few moments on some of the hateful language used by some
of the most prominent participants in it. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Boris Johnson, current favourite to lead the Tory
party, compared Hitler’s murderous tyranny with the European project created
from its ashes and questioned Barack Obama’s motives because of his
“part-Kenyan heritage”. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“That was no dog whistle. That was a fog horn - a
classic racist trope – casting doubt on someone’s motivation because of their
race.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“The Justice Secretary Michael Gove compared
pro-Remain economists to Nazi collaborators, a startling example of the way in
which the Nazi regime and the Holocaust can be minimized, trivialized or even
forgotten by ill-judged comparisons.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“And Nigel Farage warned of mass sex attacks should
the Remain Campaign win, calling it the “nuclear bomb” of the Brexit campaign.
Is it only me who just doesn’t find him funny any more?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“These are hateful comments - no question. They are
unworthy of the millions who voted to Leave, not out of xenophobia or racism,
but often as a desperate response - yes to austerity, but also to years of
being ignored and left behind by the Westminster elite. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“The people of Britain - and especially the young -
need a strong, united, principled and kind Labour Party more than ever. They
didn’t crash the banks, heat up the planet or start the wars of the past decade
or so. But the risk is that they will have to work harder for longer, quite
possibly for less pay, because of what the powerful have done in their name.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Divide and rule is the oldest trick in the book -
whether used by imperial powers abroad or hate-mongers at home. Turn people
against each other. Use race or religion or anything else you can find and hope
they will be too distracted or consumed to take on the great inequalities of
wealth and power in the world. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“For over a hundred years, the Labour Party of Keir
Hardie, Ellen Wilkinson and Manny Shinwell has existed to offer working people
another way: solidarity instead of division, equality instead of injustice,
inclusion instead of isolation, internationalism instead of narrow nationalism,
and human rights for all.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“But we cannot do our duty, if we do not look at
ourselves as well. Say what you like about me, but I’m no hypocrite. When I
look in the mirror, it is less for sartorial elegance than to examine what’s in
my own eye before pointing out the specks in others. I urge others in politics
to do the same. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“This is why I asked Shami Chakrabarti and her
colleagues to take on the vital work of looking into our own Party before we
criticise others. That is what she and her team have done. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“And I’m here today to launch and recommend their
work to our Party and to put my weight behind its immediate implementation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Under my leadership, the Labour Party will not
allow hateful language or debate, in person, online or anywhere
else. We will aim to set the gold standard, not just for anti-racism, but
for a genuinely welcoming environment for all communities and for the right to
disagreement as well. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Racism is racism is racism. There is no hierarchy
- no acceptable form of it. I have always fought it in all its forms and I
always will. But while we respond to hate with universal principles we must
also remember people’s particular experience, if we are too ensure that not one
person feels vulnerable or excluded from their natural political home.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“The Jewish community has made an enormous contribution
to our Party and our country – Jewish people have been at the heart of
progressive and radical politics in Britain, as elsewhere, for well over a
century. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“But they are also a minority amongst minorities
and have had good cause to feel vulnerable and even threatened throughout
history. This should never happen by accident or design in our Labour Party.
Modern antisemitism may not always be about overt violence and persecution,
though there is too much of that even to this day. We must also be vigilant
against subtler and invidious manifestations of this nasty ancient hatred and
avoid slipping into its traps by accident or intent.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“For the avoidance of doubt, I do not believe in
name calling and I never have. “Zio” is a vile epithet that follows in a long
line of earlier such terms that have no place in our Party. Nor should anyone
indulge in the kind of stereotyping that can cause such hurt and harm. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“To assume that a Jewish friend or fellow member is
wealthy, part of some kind of financial or media conspiracy, or takes a
particular position on politics in general, or on Israel and Palestine in
particular, is just wrong. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Our Jewish friends are no more responsible for the
actions of Israel or the Netanyahu Government than our Muslim friends are for
those of various self-styled Islamic states or organisations. Nor should
Muslims be regarded as sexist, antisemitic or otherwise suspect, as has become
an ugly Islamophobic norm. We judge people on their individual values and
actions, not en masse.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“No one should be expected either to condemn or
defend the actions of foreign powers on account of their faith or race. At the
same time, we should have the sensitivity to understand how upset many Labour
party members and supporters are likely to feel about various human rights
abuses around the world.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Human rights language is so much more accurate and
persuasive than the kind of language that was often resorted to in the Brexit
debate. That is no doubt acceptable in other places and other parties, but it
shouldn’t be here, on my watch, or in our name.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“I will continue - as Labour Leader - to pursue the
causes of peace and justice in Israel-Palestine, the wider Middle East and all
over the world. But those who claim to do so with hateful or inflammatory
language do no service to anyone, especially dispossessed and oppressed people
in need of better advocacy. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Of course we as Labour Party members must all be
free to criticise and oppose injustice and abuse wherever we find it. But as
today’s Report recommends, can we please leave Hitler and Nazi metaphors alone
(especially in the context of Israel). Why? Because the Shoah is still in
people’s family experience. If every human rights atrocity is described as a
Holocaust, Hitler’s attempted obliteration of the Jewish people is diminished
or de-recognised in our history. Other human rights atrocities from African
slavery to the killing fields of Cambodia, the Armenian and Rwandan Genocides
are all of course to be remembered, but diluting their particularity or comparing
degrees of evil does no good.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Pursuing a more civil discourse does not in any
way mean stifling free speech. I for one, will continue to meet, discuss and
debate with all-comers in the cause of peace, progress, justice and human
rights around the world. Though I acknowledge the need for the Party’s Leader
to spread his or her time around a greater range of issues, I do not believe
that anyone should be judged for the platforms they share or the human rights
causes they take up, as long as they fight hate with every breath.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“And to those who have been afraid of so-called
“witch-hunts” by the press in recent months, those who perhaps worry that
debate and speech around difficult and important issues risks being shut down
in our Party: I commend and endorse the Report’s recommendations about
improving natural justice, transparency, consistency and accountability in the
conduct of Party discipline.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“But not being racist and not being hateful is not
enough for our Party to be the inclusive and vibrant political movement that
Britain so sorely needs. If we are to unite and lead our country we must be the
most welcoming and empowering place in which our diverse communities can
prosper.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“I am very concerned about the Report’s findings on
how too many black and minority ethnic members of our party have felt for too
long. We must act against long term “special measures” placing local parties
under limited democracy. I will also take action with colleagues to seek to
improve the representation of black and minority people at every level of
staffing and leadership within the Labour Party.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“We will work with our Trade Union affiliates and
others to achieve the best programme of activist and leadership education
possible. We will talk, read, learn and organise together. We will learn from
each other’s personal experiences but also share each other’s considerable
campaigning and political skills. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“The last year - with all of its highs and lows -
has left me with every confidence that Labour is has the potential to be a powerful
and transformatory movement, capable of winning the next General Election
(whenever it comes), and many more elections after that.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“But my confidence and optimism are not naive. We
all know that despite the overwhelming mandate I was given by Labour party
members and supporters last year - we’ve all had a torrid few days. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Whatever now takes place in our party, politics
should be conducted in a decent manner. When I stood for the leadership last
summer I called for a kinder, gentler politics, that’s still work in progress. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Some people may equate “leadership” with
nastiness. I disagree. Decency is no disqualification for leadership – in fact
it should be a pre-requisite. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Those loyal to my leadership, and to Labour’s core
values, want to pursue the new politics with decency and civility, and see
strength and not weakness in living those values. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“I ask Labour people to do as I do. To be kind and
respectful to each other and our neighbours, and to be as courteous as we are
courageous with our opponents. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“I believe that approach to be closer to the values
of the British people than so much of what they have witnessed on the political
stage over many recent years. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“I want to express huge thanks to Shami
Chakrabarti, David Feldman and Jan Royall, as well as to Deok Joo Rhee and
Godric Jolliffe – and all who submitted their views and took part in this
comprehensive exercise.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Britain deserves better - so let’s offer it. Come
together as a party and then unite and lead our country through these
incredibly challenging times. “</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ends</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-6567479136574872622016-06-29T02:24:00.001-07:002016-06-29T02:24:14.086-07:00Orlando Massacre is about Guns not Islamic TerrorThe recent tragic massacre of 49 people of the LGBT community at a nightclub in Orlando, Florida, by Omar Mateen is being used for political ends by both the Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton election teams to maximise their advantage in what is already becoming one of the most brutal elections in American history. While Trump attempts to steer the agenda towards 'islamic' terrorism and President Obama's apparent softness on Muslims as the main issues, and away from the all-too-easy availability of guns in the United States, Clinton and Obama are using the occasion to attack Trump's opportunism and poor taste, trying to drive a wedge between the Republican party's leadership and the GOP's presumptive presidential nominee, and defend the Democrats' record in the war on terror. And it is abundantly clear that this war of words will little affect either the supply of lethal firearms or the continuation of America's targetted assassination programmes or drone warfare programmes.<br />
<br />
Donald Trump has been endorsed as a presidential candidate by the powerful National Rifle Association (NRA) and has since called for the abolition of laws prohibiting the carrying of guns in and around schools. The NRA endorses and backs the election campaigns of large proportions of congressmen and senators of both main political parties and, consequently, acts as brake on legislation to tighten up gun laws, allowing practically anyone with a wish to buy an assault rifle - basically an upgraded sub-machine gun - within three days even if background checks have yet to be completed. And, weapons purchased at gun shows are exempt from any background checks.<br />
<br />
There is no question that Donald Trump uses racism and xenophobia to mobilise his supporters and is an embarrassment to the Republican party's leadership. But that's all he is - an embarrassment to be explained away. The likes of Paul Ryan and many other GOP stalwarts who called Trump all sorts of names have swung behind the latter, as have the bulk (possibly 85%) of the Republican electorate. It says a great deal about what republicans stand for as Obama's presidency approaches its final months - led by an openly racist, misogynist, xenophobic presidential candidate guilty of "textbook racism", according to Paul Ryan. And the GOP is doing nothing about it.<br />
<br />
For Clinton, Trump is a gift. Her strategy seems principally to be the define herself as the 'anti-Trump' much as Obama was the 'un-Bush' in 2008. This is a short-term strategy that promises business as usual if she secures the White House in November. But the purely negative 'anti-Trump' campaign will need to be tempered with a recognition of the greatest political necessity of this time - the need for a new political order at home and a viable programme for America's global role. <br />
<br />
This election campaign is all about what America stands for in the world - is it the power of money, the gun, of inflammatory xenophobia? Or is it a nation built on a promise, of possibility, capable of renewal? Hillary Clinton has an historic opportunity to seize the initiative and inaugurate political and economic change that may heal a deeply disturbed and fractured society. <br />
<br />
<br />USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-20067864101905530932016-06-09T02:00:00.003-07:002016-06-09T02:01:04.387-07:00Sanders and Trump Have Shaken the US Political Order<h1 class="title">
</h1>
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<span class="text-by">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="http://thewire.in/author/iparmar/" rel="author" title="View all posts by Inderjeet Parmar">Inderjeet Parmar</a></span> <span class="text-on">on</span> <a href="http://thewire.in/2016/06/09/the-us-primaries-have-unsettled-established-political-leadership-in-the-us-41652/" rel="bookmark" title="9:30 am"><time class="entry-date" datetime="2016-06-09T09:30:21+00:00">09/06/2016</time></a> <br />
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<section class="entry"><h3>
The primaries represent nothing short of a revolution in American politics, a shaking up of the post-war liberal order.</h3>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_41671" style="width: 760px;">
<a href="http://i1.wp.com/thewire.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/hc_dt.jpg"></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text">
Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. Credit: Reuters.</div>
</div>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">It may seem unsurprising that Donald
Trump and Hillary Clinton are the presumptive nominees of their
respective parties for the historic 2016 presidential election – the
first likely to feature a female candidate for a main political party.
But we should not underestimate what this primaries’ process has
accomplished: the unsettling (in the Republican party’s case, toppling)
of the established political leadership and parties of the US from both
Left and Right, such that the ‘centre’ may be in danger of disappearing
or at least being redefined. This is nothing short of a revolution in
American politics, shaking up the post-war liberal order. Trump and
Bernie Sanders have garnered millions of votes with two clear messages:
the ‘system’ is rigged against the working and middle classes and it’s
time for the people to take power back from out of touch elites. And
America’s role in world must be revised. Whoever wins in November 2016
will have to deal with that fundamental new reality of US national
politics.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;">The July Democratic and GOP
conventions will be anything but ‘conventional’. Clinton faces a
stubborn opponent in Sanders who’s won 23 states and over 11 million
votes for an overtly socialist programme that has made Wall Street a
proxy for widespread antipathy to the ‘billionaire class’. He remains
bullish that he can swing so-called super-delegates – mainly party
stalwarts whose main function is to stop grassroots campaigns against
the party leadership – behind him when the latter formally vote only at
the Philadelphia convention in late July. Even failing that, Sanders has
secured five of his representatives onto the Democratic platform
committee that will write the main planks of the nominee’s election
campaign. His delegate tally of around 1,800 will ensure that he has a
major voice in the selection of a vice presidential running mate because
Clinton needs Sanders to urge his supporters to back her in November.
Should Sanders manage to secure for Clinton’s running mate someone like
US Senator Elizabeth Warren – who is well to the left of the party on
matters like inequality and the corruption at the heart of corporate
America – a large proportion of his relatively young voters would swing
behind Clinton and propel her into the White House. The big question is
whether or not Clinton can see past her Wall Street donors and run a
presidential campaign offering a vision of change and dealing with
economic and political inequality. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;">On the GOP front, major issues
remain: the leadership is swinging behind Trump. Paul Ryan, speaker of
the House of Representatives, has changed his mind and backed Trump for
president, as have many other of Trump’s erstwhile Republican opponents.
Trump is not their man; he makes embarrassing, openly xenophobic and
misogynistic statements, for which Ryan et al are now apologising, and
brings the Right into disrepute – but it seems GOP leaders think he can
be reined in. Yet, Trump also faces a dilemma: riding a storm of protest
from alienated Republicans and newly-mobilised voters and winning the
primaries, he cannot now openly change his positions for fear of
alienating the very people who brought him the nomination. Yet he has
also alienated a wide range of Republican voters, especially women,
leaving him requiring a strategy to regain political credibility. But
there are many Republicans who are simply unable to accept the idea of
Trump representing the US, let alone being able to govern effectively.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;">The political storms released during
the primaries have been building for some time – a reaction to the free
trade agreements of the Bill Clinton era, breakneck globalisation,
outsourcing of factory jobs and the diminishing role of organised labour
in US politics, the increased economic power and political influence of
financial institutions, the Bush era disasters of the Iraq war and the
war on terror, the financial crisis of 2008 and the subsequent failure
to radically change the position and role of the financial sector in the
economy or polity. President Obama missed the chance for radical change
despite sweeping to power promising ‘change we can believe in’ – and
the power of big banks and big money has continued to grow at the
taxpayers’ expense, and social and economic inequality has grown with
it.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Sanders’s socialist campaign –
against all odds in a country that claims to have abolished class and
class inequality – has struck a chord across the US, especially among
so-called millennials. He has railed against globalisation and the loss
of working class factory jobs. His calls for cuts in military spending
and overseas military interventions speak to a large swathe of America
that opposes US global hegemony. Trump’s xenophobic rhetoric is the most
widely covered part of his campaign. Yet, the power of his message goes
a lot deeper than that: he too challenges the very core of the
post-Cold War liberal order – globalisation, the market and the loss of
manufacturing jobs that’s hit his white working class support base. And
his call to question the full panoply of America’s core global alliances
– NATO, the treaties with South Korea and Japan, its backing of
numerous allies in the Arab world – is a challenge to very foundations
of the post-1945 US-led liberal order. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;">The centre-ground of American
politics has just one champion left: Clinton. But even she must redefine
the political centre if she is to retain and sustain it into the
21st century. Wall Street is a brake on broadening her vision. But the
next president will have to govern a deeply fractured nation in an
increasingly fragmented world order, put finance in its place and launch
and develop a sustainable new grand bargain for America and its place
in the world. </span><br />
<i>Inderjeet Parmar is Professor of International Politics at City University London. You may follow him on twitter: @USEmpire.</i> </section>USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-31887507911325717192016-05-28T04:05:00.000-07:002016-05-28T04:05:06.638-07:00US election and young people<!--[if !mso]>
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Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="http://www.huckmagazine.com/perspectives/" title="View all posts in Perspectives"><span style="color: blue;">Perspectives</span></a> / <a href="http://www.huckmagazine.com/perspectives/activism-2/" title="View all posts in Activism"><span style="color: blue;">Activism</span></a> / The
US presidential election: how terrified should young people be?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://www.huckmagazine.com/perspectives/activism-2/us-presidential-election-terrified/" title="The US presidential election: how terrified should young people be?"><span style="color: blue;">The US presidential election: how terrified should young
people be?</span></a></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="http://www.huckmagazine.com/perspectives/activism-2/us-presidential-election-terrified/" title="The US presidential election: how terrified should young people be?"><span style="color: blue;">Cutting through the bullshit </span></a></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">From
escalating police brutality and Islamophobic attacks to skyrocketing student
debt and a rampant Wall Street, there could be a whole lot of bad to come for
young people, whoever wins the US presidential elections. We asked an expert to
help us get to the bottom of the madness.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Watching
the race to be America’s next president doesn’t inspire much hope for the
future. But let’s assume for a minute that Donald J. Trump doesn’t get his
fingers anywhere near the nuclear button, we avoid World War Three and there is
still a future to think about.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Whoever
wins the US presidential election later this year, there could be huge
consequences. We’re already staring down environmental collapse, crippling debt
and the knowledge there’s little hope of achieving a better or even similar
standard of living than our parents. But depending on how November’s vote goes,
we could also have to deal with escalating police brutality and Islamophobic
attacks, skyrocketing student debt and a rampant Wall Street.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To get to
the bottom of what’s really at stake for young people in this election, we
spoke to Inderjeet Parmar, Professor of International Politics and chair of the
Obama Research Network at City University, London.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">How much
have issues that affect young people been part of this election campaign?</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
I think probably much more than in previous years. I don’t remember a campaign
which actually focussed on young people to this extent.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Millennials
are such a large demographic cohort and they’re growing in size. Their economic
significance is increasing as America gets older so young people’s issues are
going to be more and more important. Demographics are very powerful as activators.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Young
people have different ideas, views and attitudes. Millennials don’t care about
the Cold War or anti-communism, for example. They have no vested interests.
They’re looking to the future. Roadblocks to their future seem to be
increasing, such as the increasing costs of healthcare. So there’s growing
pressure for change. As a result, their discontents do tend to become political
issues.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">What are
the biggest issues affecting young people that have been discussed so far?</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
There are a couple of big areas. One is students and the indebtedness of
graduates. Students are coming out of college paying very high tuition fees and
having hundreds of thousands of dollars of debt. With graduate employment and
salary levels not as high as they used to be, obviously it means its very hard
to get a start in life, get on to the housing ladder and so on. That’s been a
big issue for Sanders, in particular.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
second area is police violence and gun crime, which Hillary Clinton has pushed
on to the agenda. She’s been talking about the high rates of police killings in
the last few years and how that disproportionately affects African American
youth. Most recently, she has argued that because Trump is now being endorsed
by the National Rifle Association, there’s a threat that he’ll call for an end
to gun-free zones in schools and that this is a greater threat to children and
young people.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Is Trump
as much of a threat to minorities as people make out? </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
Absolutely. Even under Obama we’ve arrived at a place where Harvard medics
argue that police killings of black people should be declared an epidemic.
Under Trump I’m sure that trend would get much worse.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Trump’s
campaign has already generated more hate crime across the board. A survey by
the <i>Southern Poverty Law Center</i>, for example, showed that since late
2015 there’s been a large increase in police apprehending people committing
hate crimes. Trump has encouraged and emboldened some of the most bigoted elements
in American society to come and act out more of the anti-minority and
anti-Islamic sentiments that he’s associated with. That’s just his campaign. If
he were to win the White House it would send a huge message.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 2008
after Obama won the election, right-wing hate groups have swelled. If Trump
were to win, those forces which have been pent up for the last eight years
would be released and that would be very dangerous.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">So, let’s
say I’m a Muslim woman living in Dearborn, Michigan – or one of the other big
Middle Eastern communities in the US – to what extent should I be worried?<br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Just
imagine! Trump is misogynist and Islamophobic. The violence which comes to
Muslim communities, which has tripled in the last year alone, from bombs to
name-calling in the street and violence against mosques, will be even more
dangerous. Those people who are vulnerable will be even more vulnerable. Trump
has benefitted enormously from the Paris and Brussels atrocities. If there were
to be another terrorist attack for example, it would just be even more
vitriolic and poisonous.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">How do
you rate Hillary Clinton’s offering to minorities, particularly young people?</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
Her message is one of hope and change. There’s a lot of loyalty to the Clintons
because African American living standards went up so much in the ’90s. But at
the same time African American incarceration rates went up astronomically as
well. There’s a promise of good things, and more opportunities but a lot of it
is rhetorical. What Hillary Clinton can deliver depends on her ability to go
beyond Wall Street’s priorities, and that’s where I have the biggest doubts
about her agenda.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">If Trump
won, would he take on Wall Street?</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
He’s a corporate billionaire himself so he’s obviously not an anti-corporate
overall, but he’s been sending the message about globalisation and free trade.
He’s been saying that his base has suffered from globalisation, NAFTA and other
free trade agreements. So he’s saying he would do something, but what he would
actually do he’s never specified. It’s easy to say this is wrong, but what is
he going to do to take on those forces? Those forces are very embedded in the
political system.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Could any
of the candidates really take on Wall Street? What happens if nobody does?</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
If there isn’t a new president who has an agenda for change, which helps to
deal with some of the big structural issues, then the big problems that affect
young people are going to get worse. What you currently have is a kind of
crisis in the political system and that’s partly brought about by the fact that
the corporations, particularly the banks and the financial institutions, have
such great power. And they are backers of globalisation. That means very little
protection for people within the United States, and in other nations as well,
from competition from abroad. The consequence of that is that if there’s free
migration as well as an even greater outsourcing of jobs, that then has a big
squeeze effect on the economic opportunities young people have.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Where
does Bernie fit into all this? Would you say he’s out of the running?</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
Bernie is immensely popular with young people, in fact most surveys show he’s
picked up something like 85% of the vote from people under 30. But it’s
difficult to call. Even without superdelegates, Clinton is a long way ahead.
But there are big states still to come, like California. What Sanders can do is
have an effect on who might be the vice-presidential running-mate. If Sanders
were able to get somebody like Elizabeth Warren on the ticket then that could
be quite a big deal. She’s on his wavelength and she could get the Sanders
movement behind Hillary Clinton.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">So, young
people’s best, realistic hope might be an Elizabeth Warren vice-presidency at
this stage?</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
Yeah, I would think so. She has championed youth causes before and she is well
to the left of the democratic party. She’s been very effective against Trump on
Twitter and elsewhere. Some people argue she’s making a play for an all-woman
ticket to cash in on the misogyny of Trump. She would be a pretty assertive and
strong vice president, who could galvanise support around Sanders’ agenda, like
inequality, decreasing levels of income for poorer people, healthcare and
student debt. She could be a powerful voice.</span></div>
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USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-26875156817371703462016-05-04T08:26:00.001-07:002016-05-04T08:26:43.408-07:00Trump Crushes the GOP Establishment<em>Donald Trump now faces no serious rival in his campaign for the
Republican Party’s presidential nomination. As the party comes to terms
with the news, three experts take the measure of his chances.</em><br />
<hr />
<h2>
Republican meltdown, Democratic opportunity</h2>
<strong>Inderjeet Parmar, City University London</strong><br />
Donald Trump’s decisive victory in the Indiana primary election last night,
coupled with the withdrawal of his principal rival, Ted Cruz, has <a href="https://theconversation.com/president-trump-not-likely-58758">made him the party’s presumptive presidential nominee</a>.
It has exposed a deeply divided Republican party whose leadership has
lost all credibility and whose conservative philosophy, which it has
held dear since 1980, is in tatters. The party’s very survival is now
uncertain.<br />
<br />
This near-apocalypse has been years in the making. The Tea Party
insurgency has badly undermined both state and national party elites,
driving the GOP further to the right and electing highly ideological
congressmen and senators who refused to compromise with the Obama
administration – not least Cruz, who defied the GOP leadership and <a href="https://theconversation.com/explainer-why-the-us-government-is-facing-another-shutdown-18587">forced the US government into a total shutdown</a> in 2013.<br />
<br />
But this collapse is also the fruit of decades of economic
deterioration of the party’s white working-class voters, especially
those without a college education. Compounded by the 2008 financial
crisis, decades of deindustrialisation have left a legacy of
unemployment, underemployment, falling living standards and expanding
social and economic inequality. This has also hit middle-income
Republicans hard. Many of them now support higher taxes on corporations
and the very wealthy and back some kind of redistribution of income and
wealth.<br />
<br />
This is a rejection of the core principles of the Reaganite
conservative consensus: low taxes, free markets, welfare cuts,
laissez-faire government. Trump has also shown that social conservatism
is not a prerequisite for victory in the GOP primaries, another blow to
the party’s Reagan-era principles.<br />
<br />
And so, is the GOP leadership left with no choice but to get behind
Trump? There have been recent overtures. Some GOP stalwarts responded
noticeably warmly to Trump’s <a href="https://theconversation.com/a-serious-foreign-policy-speech-doesnt-make-trump-any-less-terrifying-58328">first “serious” foreign policy speech</a>, and Karl Rove’s well-funded campaign organisation has <a href="http://www.politico.com/story/2016/04/karl-rove-donald-trump-221926">reportedly indicated</a> that if necessary, it would back Trump against Hillary Clinton.<br />
<br />
But Cruz’s verdict on Trump, which is shared by a majority of
Republican voters, speaks to just how toxic the GOP’s presumptive
nominee really is. “This man is a pathological liar, he doesn’t know the
difference between truth and lies … in a pattern that is straight out
of a psychology textbook, he accuses everyone of lying,” <a href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2016/05/03/cruz_explodes_pathological_liar_trump_a_narcissist_at_a_level_i_dont_think_this_country_has_ever_seen.html">said Cruz</a> on the threshold of the Indiana vote. “Whatever lie he’s telling, at that minute he believes it … the man is utterly amoral”.<br />
<br />
The GOP civil war is unlikely to abate any time soon – and that’s a
boon to Clinton. The big question now is whether Clinton can turn the
other party’s crisis into the Democrats' opportunity. She must now
fashion a message that inspires and unites her party for the general
election – even as Bernie Sanders, her flagging but still formidable
opponent, continues to win states and vows to continue his campaign
against the party’s establishment and it Wall Street backers.USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1183639881350301887.post-81020335655879520622016-04-28T02:56:00.000-07:002016-04-28T02:56:03.762-07:00America's moment - Trump, Sanders and Brexit Point the Way Forward<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">America’s Moment, or
How to Turn a Crisis into an Opportunity </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
President Obama’s recent visit to the United Kingdom to
intervene in support of the Remain (in the European Union) campaign was an
attempt to prevent the further unravelling of the US-led world system which is
in severe crisis at home and facing significant problems abroad. A united
Europe – as a bulwark against the Soviet ‘threat’ and as a market for US goods
and investment – was an American project. It threatens to disintegrate under
the pressure of the Eurozone crisis, the refugee problem engulfing the continent
as result of past US interventions in Iraq, Libya, and Syria, and the rise of
European nationalisms on the Left and extreme Right. The solution: forge a new
grand bargain at home and abroad that allows for diffused leadership serving a broader
range of national and class interests in the global polity. More democracy and
equality, and less liberty and more state regulation or outright control of the
forces of the market that have devastated working class and poor communities
through unrestrained globalisation.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Obama’s intervention in the Brexit debate links his position
therein to the crisis of Europe, where the Right is on the march, and received
the hardly-coded race card response from Boris Johnson and others from the Vote
Leave (the EU) campaign (<a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-suggests-part-kenyan-obama-may-have-an-ancestral-dislike-of-britain-a6995826.html">http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-suggests-part-kenyan-obama-may-have-an-ancestral-dislike-of-britain-a6995826.html</a>);
in the Middle East, where the US and Britain actively disordered the region
after 9-11 that led directly to the rise of Islamic State; and at home, as
demonstrated by the anti-establishment turmoil of the US primaries. Obama’s
intervention points to the crisis of an international order established in the
1940s that froze power relations and has changed little over the past 70 years,
and a domestic party system inaugurated by Reaganomics and social conservatism
in 1980 that has yielded power to the market and Wall St corporations. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Yet, the
world has changed and power relations need to change with it. America’s
imperial paternalism, that brooks no one else’s nationalism, and even brands
some variants of its own as ‘isolationism’, needs to diminish to permit others
to exercise the responsibilities of statehood, to develop a stronger stake in the
global order, and better manage the world of the twenty-first century. And that
grand bargain must be reflected and anchored at home in a political realignment
– currently being fashioned by the Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders insurgencies
- that takes into account the interests of young people, the working poor and
the squeezed middle, and engineer and discipline a more socially responsible
and politically-accountable financial elite, the 0.1% that since the 1990s has
led the corporate takeover of American politics and the current inequalities of
income, wealth and power.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Many frame the issue from conservative positions – producing
blueprints for a slightly reformed US-led order. One has only to look at the
reports coming out of Brookings, the Council on Foreign Relations and the
legion of scholars at America’s many elite academies – such as Princeton’s Woodrow
Wilson School (for example, <a href="http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/order-from-chaos/posts/2016/02/17-five-countries-international-liberal-order-piccone">http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/order-from-chaos/posts/2016/02/17-five-countries-international-liberal-order-piccone</a>).
But their flawed US-centric framing leads to a status quo set of conclusions,
while actually there is an historic opportunity presented by crisis for a renegotiation
of global order or perhaps a series of negotiations – thematic and regional and
other - to reshape and fashion a new settlement for the new century.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dominant <span style="color: #262626; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">framings of the issue leads to an
omission of any serious consideration of the opportunities presented by Donald Trump’s
critique of the US role in world – the questioning of its principal post-1945
institutions and relationships. For raising those questions alone, the GOP’s
primaries front-runner is branded an isolationist. But Trump’s challenge is
more than “isolationism”; isolationism is an epithet used by foreign policy
establishment people to undermine practically any opposition to their
interpretation of America’s global role. Trump is an “America First-er”, not an
isolationist, and questions the various alliances and institutions that the
US-led order built and rests upon. Trump’s challenge – whether or not he wins
the nomination or the general election – will not go away, because it’s one
raised on the Left by Bernie Sanders too. Between Trump and Sanders, and the
ratchet effect of Sanders on Clinton, there is a structural problem highlighted
by their current popularity that is deep-seated and enduring and has now come
to a head in a popular revolt against the American elite.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #262626; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The
conservatism of entirely US-centric solutions and critiques of Trump (and
Sanders) also elides serious critiques of either the inequalities of the US-led
international order or of its effects at home on the majority of Americans
whose income shares and wealth have diminished steadily since the 1970s and who
are fully aware of the inequities of power and wealth distributions and reject
the elites of both parties in such great numbers.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #262626; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The
domestic crisis of US liberal order and its global problems are related but are
not insoluble. They require a realignment at home and abroad. Otherwise, narrow
nationalist impulses will come to the fore while at the moment there is an opportunity
to redefine and reshape globalisation to benefit and not damage so many people,
to hollow out the state in its social functions, cutting adrift large swathes
of people.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #262626; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">This
may be an historic moment of opportunity presented by crisis; the dominant
concepts are no longer working adequately, fixed in old global power relations
from 1945, slightly tweaked and absorbed in the 1970s, broadly incorporating as
apprentices global south ‘middle class’ powers like India, China, Brazil etc..
– what are today called the BRICS. When the West was confronted with the
triumph of the oil producing states of the Arab world and the challenge of the
G-77 third world states demanding a New International Economic Order, elites
did what they’d done with the domestic rise of working class reform movements –
buy them off (</span><a href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/1975-10-01/united-states-and-third-world-basis-accommodation"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/1975-10-01/united-states-and-third-world-basis-accommodation</span></a><span style="color: #262626; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">).
Those days, and that kind of thinking, may be long gone. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #262626; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Defending
the status quo is to defend the iniquitous past. A defence of the status quo
that focuses too much on Trump and Sanders (and Brexit) as threats, rather than
as pointing the way to a new order, is a road to nowhere but the rise of the
radical Right and the forces of backward-looking nationalism and chauvinism. There
is sufficient force in the rise of Trump and Sanders which suggests there are
significant bases for future positive change.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #262626; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">What
the new order will look like is the big issue, not whether there should be one
at all. This is the major question of our time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #262626; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Inderjeet
Parmar is professor of international politics, and co-director of the Centre
for International Policy Studies, at City University London</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #262626; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Follow
him on twitter - </span><a href="https://twitter.com/USEmpire"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">https://twitter.com/USEmpire</span></a><span style="color: #262626; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #262626; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span><a href="http://ij-poli-blog.blogspot.co.uk/"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></a><span style="color: #262626; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">
</span></div>
USBloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06220689778957823968noreply@blogger.com0